【作者】 袁琳；

【导师】 吕明臣；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 行政公文是各级行政机关传递信息和进行公务活动的重要工具。行政公文的水平直接影响政府机关之间信息传递的效率和执政的水平。所以很有必要对行政公文语言进行研究。语用学是一门新兴的学科,也是一门有着极强解释力的学科。它具有综合性、边缘性等特点。在各种语言的社会变体中都有着广泛的应用。在以往的语用学研究中人们往往只注重口语的语用研究,而本文试图从行政公文这种书面语入手,运用语用学相关的理论如:合作准则、礼貌原则、语境等几个方面来论述语用学对于行政公文的指导作用,并且总结出行政公文语言的语用特点。以期望对当今的行政公文写作有所裨益。本文分共为四个部分的内容:第一部分文章提出了研究的目的和意义,即提升行政公文语言研究的理论境界,满足行政公文的现实需求。同时对当今行政公文语言的研究进行总结,发现从语用学角度对行政公文语言的研究仍处在探索阶段,从而提出本文的创新点即对行政公文语言的语用进行一次较全面的梳理,以探求行政公文语言的语用特点,以更好地促进行政公文语言的客观、简明、规范,使国家政令更加准确、简练,以达到国家法令的预期效果。第二部分是行政公文语言概述。首先对行政公文进行界定:从主体上看,行政公文的执行主体是行政机关;从特征上看,行政公文必须具有法律效力;从目的上看,行政公文是依法行政和进行公务活动的重要工具。然后文章又阐释了行政公文语言的作用:肩负着准确传递国家法令的重要职责,国家法令的准确与否和行政公文语言的运用密切相关。第三部分是文章的主体部分,从语用学角度出发,联系当前公文的实际,总结出行政公文语言的特点:简明扼要性、真实准确性、相互关联性、表述清晰性、礼貌得体性和语境适应性。这是第一次从语用学角度对行政公文语言做系统的阐述,从而为以后结合语用学理论对行政公文语言的研究起到促进作用。第四部分阐述了行政公文语言的语用功能。文章从交际意图的角度出发把行政公文语言分为:信息传递功能;指领引导功能;商洽协调功能。其中信息传递功能是行政公文语言最基本的语用功能。行政公文承载着国家的政令,因此指领引导功能是行政公文语言独具的功能。商洽协调功能是有限制的,只有在用于国家行政机关来往以及其他企事业单位探讨政策的公文语言才具有这项功能。在这部分文章还从文种误用、语义重复、语义矛盾三个方面阐述行政公文语言的语用失误,最后提出如何避免语用失误的办法,使行政公文语言的效能达到最大化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The administrative document is the most important tool in authorities of various levels to transfer the important information and take business activities. The use of the administrative documents directly effects not only the efficiency of transmitting the information among government but also the governing effect. So it is necessary to research the administrative document language. Pragmatics is a new discipline and it is also a kind of strong explanatory one. The characters are integrated and marginal and so on. It is in a wide range of use in various languages in the society. People are used to pay more attention to the pragmatic study of oral language. This article attempts to start from the formal language of administrative official documents. It will discuss the pragmatics guidance for administrative official documents from several aspects such as the cooperation standards, politeness principles and the context. All of them can be used of the related theory of pragmatic. Further more, it put forward the demands to the proper pragmatics principles of the administrative documents. It was expecting to writing administrative documents perfectly.This paper will be divided into three chapters; the first chapter is general overview of administrative document language. It mainly concludes the definition, features and functions. The second chapter is the principle that the administrative document language should be followed. It mainly discussed through the standard of cooperation and that administrative document language should be followed it. What’s more, it also discussed the politeness principles requirements of the administrative document and the current research status along with the characteristics and classification of the theory in the context. It takes most important points to discuss that the administrative document adapted for language and the context. In this part also discuss about the misuse of administrative language from the aspect of duplicate, contradiction and misuse of type. In the last point out how to avoid misuse of administrative language and maximize the efficiency of official administrative language.更多还原