【作者】 李畅；

【导师】 邹向阳；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 区域经济学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以后,随着我国经济的飞速发展,人民的生活水平逐渐提高,对生活质量的要求也越来越高。由于不同地区的发展水平不同,导致不同地区的公共服务水平有所不同。满足社会公共需要、提供基本公共服务,既是政府公共财政的一个重要基本特征,又是政府公共财政建设以及其职能发挥的根本所在。目前,基本公共服务均等化已经成为实现社会主义和谐社会的主要目标之一,而且长期以来的二元财政,使农村除了经济发展水平与居民收入低于城市外,还面临着公共需求全面快速增长与公共服务供给匮乏的突出矛盾,因此,推进基本公共服务均等化成为当务之急。目前,推动基本公共服务均等化已经引起了中央及地方政府的高度重视,并且引起了学术界的广泛关注。现阶段,公共服务领域包括由政府财政提供的公共设施、公共医疗、文化教育、环境保护、社会保障等等。本文根据基本公共服务中“基本”的界定,主要选取了具有代表性的三个方面,即基础教育、公共医疗、社会保障作为研究基础,对长春市城区以及周边县市的基本公共服务均等化进行了实证研究,并对影响基本公共服务均等化的因素进行了相关性和主成分分析,针对影响长春市中心城区以及周边县市基本公共服务均等化的因素的相关程度,提出相应的对策和建议。本文主要分为五部分：第一部分：基本公共服务的基本概念和基础理论。主要包括公共服务与基本公共服务的概念。基本公共服务主要指在一定经济社会条件下,为了保障全体公民最基本的人权,全体公民都应公平、平等、普遍享有的公共服务,是诸多公共服务中具有保障性质和平等色彩的服务类型。即基本公共服务是以保障公民基本人权为主要目的,以均等化为主要特征,以公共资源为主要支撑的公共服务。此处的“基本”主要是指基础教育、公共医疗和社会保障。与基本公共服务均等化相关的理论主要包括福利、公平、公共产品、中心—外围等方面的基本理论。第二部分：对长春市目前的宏观经济和基本公共服务供给现状进行分析。首先,通过选取2000—2009年来反映长春市宏观经济的状况的指标进行分析得出：尽管从2000年开始整个长春市无论城区还是周边县市的宏观经济—直处于增长的状态,但是从2000年开始,整个长春市的宏观经济无论是GDP总量、地方财政收入以及居民收入,城区都明显优于周边县市。此外,通过分析2009年长春市基本公共服务的供给现状,可以看出目前长春市城区和周边县市对于基础教育、公共医疗、社会保障方面的投入和产出情况。第三部分：运用相应的指标体系对长春市基本公共服务的供给差异情况进行计量分析。首先,通过对基本公共服务选取3个方面指标的10个单项指标进行标准化处理后形成的差异化指标,可以看出2005—2009年整体上长春市城区和周边各个县市的基本公共服务的供给水平都处于上升趋势,但是近五年来城区与周边县市之间的公共服务供给还存在一定的差距；其次,通过运用2005—2009年各个地区差异指标计算长春市基本公共服务的变异系数,可以看出近五年长春市基本公共服务供给差异变化处于波动的状态,但与2005年比,地区之间的差异均有所减小。第三,根据目前这种差异的情况,提出造成长春市城区与周边县市之间基本公共服务供给差异的体制方面的原因,即城乡二元结构以及政府事权与财权不匹配。第四部分：运用计量经济学模型对影响基本公共服务可以量化的因素进行实证分析。首先,从区域经济学的角度找出影响基本公共服务均等化的因素,即区域经济发展水平、政府财政能力、财政自给系数、财政支出结构,并选取相应的指标来衡量这些因素,即人均GDP、人均财政收入、财政收入与支出之比、基本公共服务支出与财政支出比。其次,建立适当的计量经济学模型,利用SPSS计量经济学软件,将这些因素与基本公共服务均等化指数做相关性和主成分分析,找出影响基本公共服务均等化的主要原因为人均财政收入,其次分别是经济发展水平、财政自给系数、财政支出结构。第五部分：针对第四部分分析结果提出相应的政策建议。根据第四部分的结论有针对性的提出实现长春市基本公共服务均等化的政策建议：首先,完善财政转移支付,利用专项转移支付提升周边县市的人均财政收入,进而可以在短期内提高周边县市的基本公共服务的供给水平；提高一般性转移支付的比例,改善周边县市的公用设施和投资环境,进而提高周边县市的经济发展水平,从长远角度提高周边县市的财政收入。其次,推进城镇化发展,逐渐消除不利于基本公共服务均等化的政策性因素,为周边县市的经济发展创造良好的政策环境,通过长春市城区的辐射带头作用,提高周边县市的经济发展水平,从而提高政府的财政自给能力,推动基本公共服务的均等化。再次,完善财政体制,强化财权与事权的匹配,保障资金的专款专用,同时优化政府财政支出结构,提高基本公共服务在财政支出中的比例,同时向基本公共服务的相对薄弱的环节倾斜,提高基本公共服务均等化的效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the reform and openness period, the economy of China and the living standard of Chinese people have been developing at a high speed, which have resulted in the further requirement of the living standard. The public service level varies with each other because of the varying developmental level in different regions. Meeting the people’s need and providing the basic public services are not only the important features of the government public finance, but also the foundation for the governmental financial construction to bring to play. Currently, the public services equalization has become one of the principal aims to realize the harmonious socialist society. For quite some time, the binary finance makes economy development level and the citizen revenue in the rural areas lower than the city, and also makes the rural areas confront the serious conflict brought forward by the comprehensive rapid growth of public demand and the public services shortage, so the boost of the public services equalization has become the urgent task. It has aroused the concern from the both central and local government, and from the academic circles.Now, the public services include the public facilities, medical treatment, education, environmental protection, social security and so on provided by the government financial support. According to the definition of the fundamental public services, the essay mainly explains three representative aspects which are fundamental education, public medical treatment, social security and regard them as the foundation of the study. The thesis reveals the empirical studies on basic public services equalization in Changchun City and its surrounding counties. Moreover, it shows the relative and principal component analysis of the influencing factors of the basic public services. In addition, it represents the strategic recommendations to the relative factors of basic public services equalization in Changchun City and its surrounding counties.The dissertation has been divided into five parts:PartⅠ:It conveys the fundamental definition and theory of the basic public services. It mainly includes the definition of public services and the basic public services. The basic public services mean that the entire citizens are supposed to have the equal and universal public services to ensure the basic rights of the citizens. It is the type that possesses the most conspicuous feature of security and equal. That is to say that the basic public services regard the protection of the basic public services as the main purpose, equalization as the main feature, and the public resources as the main framework. The word "basic" mentioned above refers the basic education, public medical treatment, and social security. The theory related to the basic public equalization involves various aspects, such as welfare, fair and public goods, center, and periphery, etc.PartⅡ:The paper shows the analysis of the macro economy and the basic public services provision situation. First, although the macro economy level of the Changchun City and its surrounding counties has been developing from the year 2000, the macro economy development of Changchun City has excelled all its surrounding counties in GDP, local financial revenue, citizen income according to the macro economy situation indicators of Changchun City from the year 2000 to 2009. Second, the status of basic education, public medical treatment, and the input and output of the social security within these areas could be learnt by analyzing the current status of the basic public services in the year 2009.PartⅢ:It reveals the appropriate indicator system to make quantitative analysis of the basic public services provision status in Changchun City. First, the ten individual indicators from three aspects are selected and normalized into different index which infer that the provision standard of the basic public services in the region has been improving from 2005 to 2009, but there is still a gap in the recent five years. Second, the variation has been fluctuating during the past five years, but the gap has reduced compared to 2005 according to the basic public services variation coefficient calculated by the regional variation index from 2005 to 2009. Third, it raises the reason that the gap emerged in accordance with the current situation, which implies that the urban-rural dual structure and the finance is not graded.PartⅣ:It shows the empirical analysis of quantized factors which could affect the basic public services through the econometric model. First, the factors which influence the basic public services equalization from the standpoint of the regional economics has been found, which contain regional economy development level, fiscal capacity, financial self-sufficiency coefficient, and the financial expenditure structure. Meanwhile, the relative indexes which include per capita GDP, per capita revenue, the ratio of fiscal revenue and expenditure, and the ratio of the basic public services expenditure and the fiscal expenditure are chosen to measure these factors. Second, through the foundation of the appropriate econometric model and by using the SPSS econometric software, the relative and the principal component analysis of the factors and the basic public services are made. The main factor that affects the basic public services equalization is the per capita revenue, and the secondary one is the economy development level, financial self-sufficiency factor, and the financial expenditure structure.PartⅤ:It represents the relative policy recommendation based on the analysis of the fourth part. First, improve the fiscal transfer payment and the basic public services provision level of the surrounding counties through the increase in income through special transfer payment, In addition, raise the ratio of general transfer payments and improve the public facilities and investment environment to advance the economy development status and raise the fiscal revenue in the surround counties in the long term. Second, make contribution to the urbanization; create a favorable policy environment for the counties; abolish the policy recommendations which are harmful to the basic public services equalization; upgrade the economy development status through the leading role of Changchun City to better Government’s financial self-sufficiency capacity and promote the equalization of basic public services. Third, perfect the fiscal institution, emphasizing the match of the property rights and authority of the office, to earmark a fund for its specified purpose only. Meanwhile, optimize the fiscal structure, raise the proportion of finance expenditure on the basic public services, and remedy the weak points to promote the basic public services efficiency.更多还原