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第三人侵害债权制度研究
【作者】 李俊；
【导师】 杨丽珍；
【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 民商法学， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 第三人侵害债权现象在债权优位时代比物权优位时代更为普遍。但在以促进生产力发展为主要社会目的,及个人本位价值观念的指导下,法律并不会对第三人侵害他人债权的行为进行干预。只有在强调经济发展与稳定并重,及社会本位思想的引导下,这种行为才有纳入法律范围的必要。基于这种必要性的认识,19世纪中期以来,两大法系各主要国家均在司法实践中对第三人侵害债权制度予以承认。本文通过对债权是否具有可侵性正反两说的评析,认为：债权的相对性、期待利益性、非典型社会公开性皆不能构成债权具有可侵性的理论障碍,利益不可侵以及债权对外效力也并非债权具有可侵性的理论依据,只有权利不可侵才能为第三人侵害债权的成立提供有力的理论支撑。我国应该将第三人侵害债权作为一种具体的侵权行为类型加以规定。第三人侵害债权责任构成要件应包括：主体是债之关系以外的第三人；客体是合法有效的债权；主观是第三人有过错；客观方面表现为侵害行为,因果关系及损害结果。第三人侵害债权并不存在学界通说的特殊免责事由,应该与其他侵权行为一样,适用一般的免责事由。
【Abstract】 The phenomenon of third party infringing upon the creditor’s rights is more common in creditors’rights superior position time than in real right superior position time.However, in order to promote development of productive forces as the main social purposes, and individual standard, under the guidance values, the law will not have a third party claims against the behavior of others to intervene. Only in the emphasis on both economic development and stability, and social standard under the guidance of thought, such acts have included the necessary scope of the law. Based on this awareness of the need, since the mid-19th century, two legal systems of the major countries in judicial practice, the system of third party infringement claim to be recognized. Based on the claims of whether the invasion of both positive and negative can be said of the assessment, that: claims of relativity, expected profitability, social openness are not atypical form of debt with the theoretical obstacles to invasion, interests and claims can not be invaded Nor has the effect of external debt can be the theoretical basis of sexual aggression, invasion is not only the right to claim against the third person to provide strong theoretical support for the establishment. China should take the general pattern + type of legislation. Infringement of third party liability claims Elements should include:the relationship between debt other than the subject is third person, the object is lawful and valid claims, is the third person at fault subjective and objective aspects of performance for the violations of causality and damage results. There is no third party claims against the scholars through the special exemptions that should be the same with the other violations, the general exemptions apply. In terms of accountability is that no matter what the circumstances, the third and the debtor are not really assume joint and several liability.