【作者】 任芳；

【导师】 王金平；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 窑洞民居的研究从上世纪40年代开始,80年代以后开始有了逐渐庞大的研究队伍,出现了大量的论文以及专著。窑洞民居特有的节约能源、利于生态平衡等特点值得在今天的建筑设计研究中借鉴。窑洞民居从穴居形式到黄土窑洞到寒窑,最后发展到窑洞与房屋混合布置的窑洞民居院落形式,是原生的绿色建筑,最具有本土文化特色,是中华“住“文化的源泉。晋西窑洞民居和陕北窑洞民居在中国窑洞民居分类中占据典型,是中国窑洞分部六大区(陕西、山西、甘肃、宁夏、河南、河北西南部)中的其中两大区。两地的窑洞民居类型以及布局手法是基于当地的人民生活、风土风俗和自然生活,是人们长期经验积累的结果。这些窑洞民居都是广大人民群众自己动手完成的,堪称“没有建筑师设计的建筑”的典型。但两地由于所处的自然条件、历史环境、社会背景等有所不同,导致窑洞民居在宏观以及微观上都有很多不同。本论文以晋西窑洞民居和陕北窑洞民居为研究对象,从实际调研出发,从考古学、宗教学、社会学、建筑学等多方面,对两地的自然环境、选址理念、窑洞类型以及构成窑洞民居的各个要素进行比较分析。其中在两地还各选取了一些具有代表性的窑洞民居院落详细剖析,并找出两地窑洞民居的共同点以及差异规律。希望能通过这样的比较分析能够深刻的挖掘出并借鉴中国传统窑洞民居的价值与经验,为现代建筑设计以及人居环境研究提供有用依据。全文共分为四章：第一章,引言。对窑洞民居的研究背景、发展历程、分布类型以及相关成果等进行阐述。第二章,陕北、晋西地区窑洞民居概述。从自然条件、人文条件出发,对两地的窑洞民居单体以及院落组合都进行了比较分析,对组成院落空间的基本要素,例如：院落、正房、厢房、倒座、宅门等都进行了详细的分析,为陕北米脂窑洞古城以及晋西碛口古镇两处典型窑洞聚落的比较做了基础分析。第三章,以米脂窑洞古城和碛口镇为例对民居聚落及形态进行比较分析。米脂窑洞古城和碛口古镇分别为陕北与晋西最具典型的聚落实例,通过组成聚落的要素到聚落内具体院落的比较分析,并选取了四个具有代表性的院落,全面解析了两地窑洞院落空间的相同及不同点,更进一步的说明了导致两地窑洞民居具有差异性的原因。第四章,晋西、陕北窑洞民居营造技术以及装饰艺术分析。通过对两地窑洞民居所使用材料及其装饰特征的分析,体现了中国窑洞民居在装饰艺术上的统一性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of the Cave Dwelling Houses started from the 1940s, and the huge research team gradually came into being after 80s with the appearance of a large number of publications such as papers and monographs. The characteristics of the unique energy saving and the ecology balancing of the Cave dwellings are worthwhile as reference for today’s architecture design. The Cave dwelling houses from the cave form to the loess caves to cold kiln, and finally to caves and housing mixed with decorative caves dwellings courtyards, which are the primary green architecture with most local culture, are the source of "living" culture.The cave dwellings can be classified into six regions in China (Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Henan, Southwest of Hebei). The Cave dwelling houses in Western Jin and caves residence in Shaanxi Province which are occupying the two huge regions are the typical cave dwellings. The types and layout gimmick of the both cave dwelling houses are based on the local people’s real life, local customs and natural life, which are the experience results from people’s long-term accumulating. These cave dwelling houses are completed by the broad masses by their own hands, rated as " the typical buildings with no architect to design ". However, because two places are located in different natural conditions with different historical environments and social backgrounds. As a result, there are many differences in local styled the caves dwelling houses in both macro-perspective and micro-perspective.This thesis studies the cave dwellings in Western Jin and Shanbei with the actual research and investigation, starting from archaeology, theology, sociology, and architecture, etc.. It also analyzes and compares the natural environments, the site concepts, cave types and the elements of the constitutions of the cave dwelling houses. This part in detail describes some representative cave dwellings selected from either places, and it points out the law of both similarities and differences of the local-styled cave dwelling houses. Hopefully through this comparative analysis, Chinese traditional local-styled dwelling houses can be excavated and be valued as the experience for modern architectural design and become the useful data for the further research of the living environment.The thesis can be divided into four chapters:The first chapter is the introduction to expound the research background, development course, distribution types and related results of the cave dwelling houses. The second chapter overviews the cave dwelling houses in Northern Shaanxi and Western Shanxi. From natural conditions and human conditions, a comparative analysis of the cave dwellings and yard portfolio monomer is made and a detailed analysis of the composition and open space of the basic elements is offered. For example, courtyard, Zhengfang, wing, Daozuo, an gate, etc. are discussed in detail as the basic analysis by comparing two typical cave settlements in the ancient cave-city MiZhi, Shaanxi and Qikou town in Western Jin, Shanxi. The third chapter, taking the ancient cave-city MiZhi and Qikou town as an example of the dwelling settlements and compositions are analyzed. MiZhi as a ancient cave city and Qikou as a ancient town respectively represent the most typical specific instances for the composition of elements by analyzing the elements of settlement within specific yard. By selecting the four representatives of the courtyards, this part comprehensively analyzes both the similarities and the differences of the cave yard space and further explains the causes. The fourth chapter is to analyzes the building technology and decorative arts of the local-styled cave dwelling houses in Western Jin and Shanbei. Through analyzing materials used ornamental characteristics of the of two cave local-styled dwelling houses the unity of the Chinese local-styled dwelling houses in adornment art are embodied.更多还原