【作者】 胡静；

【导师】 郭林；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 正确而充足的营养是运动者提高运动成绩的必要条件,同时也是消除疲劳和避免运动损伤的必要条件。尽管运动员会食用营养平衡的膳食,但运动时消耗的营养素较多,运动者需要的营养素比每日推荐的膳食每日标准量要多,因此运动者很难从日常膳食中摄取足够的营养素,这时,运动者的营养补充就显得特别重要。运动者必须额外的补充一些营养素,如:维生素C等以保持和提高运动成绩,预防运动损伤。众所周知,运动训练会导致体内自由基的升高,这有可能会导致肌肉损伤的增加和运动能力的下降。Vc是众所周知的抗氧化剂,能保护肌肉组织免受破坏。这项研究的目的是确定不同剂量的维生素C在体育考生备考期间的作用,主要从以下几个方面评价:上呼吸道感染率和感冒率、血常规指标、肌肉损伤程度、体重和运动成绩的作用。本研究选取山东省滨州市邹平县魏桥中学高二健美操专项男生12名,随机分成空白对照组、小剂量组、大剂量组三组,每组四人。依照实验方案分别进行六周大强度的训练和营养补充,空白对照组吃糖丸、小剂量组每天服用100mg天然维生素C,大剂量组每天服用150mg天然维生素C。以运动员运动训练周期开始前的调整期作为基础值,进行六周大强度训练和维生素C补充的实验数据采集。分析大强度运动状态下维生素C补充对运动者上呼吸道感染率和感冒率、血常规指标、肌肉损伤、体重及身体机能的影响,探讨大强度运动下运动者如何补充维生素C以达到良好的锻炼效果。实验结果表明:(1)大剂量组受试者血常规指标中的白细胞、中性粒细胞、中性粒细胞比率、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均血红蛋白量、平均血红蛋白浓度、血小板、血小板压积在六周的维生素C补充后都有下降趋势,其中中性粒细胞有显著性差异,中性粒细胞比率、血小板压积、有极显著性差异,平均血红蛋白量接近有差异。淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比率、单核细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率、红细胞平均体积、红细胞分布宽度、血小板平均分布宽度在六周的维生素C补充后有上升的趋势。其中淋巴细胞和淋巴细胞比率有极显著性差异,嗜酸性粒细胞、红细胞分布宽度有显著性差异。小剂量组受试者血常规指标中白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均血红蛋白量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞分布宽度、血小板及血小板压积数量都减少,其中白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均血红蛋白量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞分布宽度下降趋势不明显,不存在显著性差异。但是,血小板、血小板压积在补充维生素C后有明显差异,其P值分别是0.035和0.014。空白对照组受试者血常规指标白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均血红蛋白量、平均血红蛋白浓度、血小板平均分布宽度、淋巴细胞比率、单核细胞比率、红细胞分布宽度、血小板压积、平均血小板体积等指标都有下降趋势,其中淋巴细胞存在显著性差异,血小板平均分布宽度存在极显著性差异。嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率、平均血红蛋白体积、血小板、嗜酸性粒细胞比率有上升的趋势,嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、有显著性差异,嗜碱性粒细胞比率有极显著性差异。这可能是运动训练对受试者的影响还未完全消除。(2)大剂量组上呼吸道感染率低于小剂量组和空白对照组,感冒率更是明显低于小剂量组和空白对照组;小剂量组与空白对照组相比上呼吸道感染率没有任何不同,感冒率反而要高于空白对照组,这可能是由于受试者个体差异造成的。(3)大剂量组、小剂量组、空白对照组体重指表经过六周的训练和维生素C的补充有下降趋势,但是无显著差异性。(4)大剂量组受试者、小剂量组受试者、空白对照组受试者其代表肌肉酸痛程度的数值在补充维生素C后呈下降趋势,且具有显著性差异,但是差异性不同。(5)大剂量组受试者立定跳远成绩呈上升的趋势,但是无显著性差异;俯卧撑成绩呈上升的趋势,但是第四周相比第三周下降,无差异性;侧举腿成绩呈上升的趋势,四周后有显著性差异,五周后有明显差异,六周后有极显差异;坐位体前屈成绩呈上升趋势,但不具有差异性;伸膝次数呈上升趋势,且在三周后具有显著性水平,其中五周后具有极显著性差异。小剂量组受试者立定跳远成绩呈上升趋势,且具有显著性差异;俯卧撑成绩呈上升趋势,第四周和第六周与补充前相比有显著性差异,其它各周与补充前相比无显著性差异;侧举腿成绩呈上升趋势,四周后与补充前相比有显著性差异,其他几周与补充前相比无显著差异性;坐位体前屈成绩呈上升趋势,六周后与补充前相比有显著性差异,其他几周无显著差异性;伸膝次数呈上升趋势,五周后与补充前相比有显著性差异,六周后与补充前相比有极相显著性差异。空白对照组立定跳远成绩呈上升趋势,但与补充前立定跳远成绩相比无显著性差异;俯卧撑成绩呈上升趋势,六周后俯卧撑成绩与补充前相比有极显著性差异,其他几周差异性不显著;侧举腿成绩呈上升趋势,六周后与补充前相比有显著性差异,其他几周无显著性差异;坐位体前屈成绩有提高的趋势,但是无显著差异性;伸膝次数呈上升趋势,五周后与补充前相比有显著性差异,六周后与补充前相比有极显著性差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance ,conditioning ,recovery from fatigue affter exercise ,and avoidance of injury .Although athletes need to eat a well-balanced basic diet ,there are several nutritional factors that are difficult to obtain at a sufficient level from a normal diet since athletes require more nutrients than the recommended daily allowances. At this time, nutritional supplement of the movement is especially important. Movement must add some additional nutrients ,for example, Vitamin C, etc. to maintain and improve athletic performance, preventing sports injuries.Exercise training is known to induce an increase in free radical production potentially leading to enhanced muscle injury. Vitamin C are well known antioxidants that may prevent muscle cell damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the different doses of vitamin C in the role of Sports examinees who preparing the Physical Examination ,on markers of Rate of upper respiratory tract infection and flu, routine blood ,muscle damage and performance of Sports examinees .twelve male young Sports examinees of WeiQiaozhongxue were divided into three groups. Large dose group (n = 4) received 150mg vitamin C daily during the pre-competitive season, Small dose group (n=4)received 100mg vitimin C ,while the placebo group ( n = 4) received candy. Both groups performed the same training load during the six-week training period. This study analyzes vitamin C supplementation in the role of Sports examinees during high-intensity exercise ,on markes of rates of upper respiratory tract infection and flu, muscle damage, the impact of body weight and performance ,studying under high-intensity exercise how to add vitamin C to achieve good training results. Experimental results show that:Firstly, High-dose group had blood indices in white blood cells, neutrophils, neutrophil percentage, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration, platelets, platelet hematocrit a decreasing trend after the six weeks of vitamin C intake, in which neutrophils had significant differences, neutrophil ratio, platelet volume, there was a significant difference, the average hemoglobin close to the differences. Lymphocytes,monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes ratio, mononuclear cell ratio, percentage of eosinophils, basophils percentage, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, mean platelet distribution width had a increase trend after the six weeks of vitamin C supplement. Ratio of lymphocytes and lymphocytes in which had a significant difference,while, eosinophils, red cell distribution width were significantly different.Routine blood indicators of low-dose group had blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, platelet volume and platelet hematocrit reduced, including leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width of the downward trend is not obvious, there is no significant difference. However, platelet, platelet hematocrit after the supplementation with vitamin C were significantly different, the P values were 0.035 and 0.014.The control group had blood indices in leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration, mean platelet distribution width, lymphocyte ratio, monocyte Cell ratio, red cell distribution width, platelet volume, mean platelet volume and other indicators of a decreasing trend, in which lymphocytes, there were significant differences, in mean platelet distribution width very significant difference. Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophil percentage, basophil ratio, the average hemoglobin volume, platelets, eosinophils rates are on the rise, eosinophils, basophils , eosinophil percentage, a significant difference, in basophil ratios there was a very significant difference.Secongly, Upper respiratory tract infection in high dose group is lower than low-dose group and blank control group, flu rate is significantly lower than low-dose group and blank control group; Upper respiratory tract infection in low-dose group and blank control group had no difference, flu rate is higher than blank control group .Tirldly, the three group’s mean body weight have a downward trend after the six weeks training and vitimin C intake, but no significant difference.Fourthly, high-dose group demonstrated lower muscle damage levels than low-dose group and blank control group;Last but not the least, the fitness of the three group demonstrated no significant difference, muscle strengh had a increasing trend .In conclusion ,our data demonstrated that vitimin C supplementation in sports examinees may reduce muscle damage and upper respiratory tract infection, enhance immune function,but did not have effect in losing weight and performance improvement.更多还原