【作者】 李涛；

【导师】 傅修延；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】试析《人树》的叙事策略

【摘要】 帕特里克·维克托·马丁代尔·怀特(Patrick Victor Martindale White,1912-1990),是当代澳大利亚著名文学家,他于1973年荣获诺贝尔文学奖,因为“他以史诗般的和擅长于刻画人物心理的叙事艺术,把一个新的大陆介绍进文学领域中”。在1955年出版的成名作《人树》(The Tree of Man)中,上述特征表现明显,小说一方面模仿《圣经·创世记》的史诗叙事手法,展示了澳大利亚的“创世纪”,另一方面采用了现代主义的意识流手法,细腻地展示了主人公斯坦·帕克追寻信仰的过程。由于《人树》中的宗教色彩浓厚,所以大部分研究者将目光注意在《人树》的宗教因素上,却忽视了《人树》中独特的叙事技巧及空间叙事特色。本文首先考察了《人树》的叙述视角。《人树》通过全知视角介绍背景,具体到每一场景则转换为限知视角,借用人物的眼光和声音来叙述。叙述手法上讲述和展示互相配合,使小说里的世界向读者呈现出来,读者在脑海中建构这个世界的同时建构出了小说的空间形式,所以这种呈现又成就了《人树》的空间叙事。然后借助相关的空间叙事理论,分析了小说的空间形式和小说中空间的叙事意义。《人树》中的时间和空间是一体的,互相交叉在一起,这样一来试图从叙事情节这个角度来理解《人树》,只能得到一堆碎片,但当我们将这些碎片前后并置,就会发现一个空间形式建构起来,小说是按照艾米和斯坦两个人的世界从相遇到重合再到疏远直至对彼此完全封闭这样一个运行轨迹为中心来结构全篇的。情节已然碎片化,依据事件的内在逻辑来推动故事发展已经没了基础,故事中人物对空间边界的跨越则成了叙事进行下去的动力,新的空间会带来新的生活的契机,也会带来新的冲突,而这些都是故事继续下去的必要元素。《人树》的空间形式使其情节超越了亚里士多德以来的传统情节观,以人物的内心冲突为主,而人物的行动被淡化,在叙事线条上也由单一线性结构变为平行结构。既然情节超越了传统情节观,所以事件的安排也不再以因果逻辑为根据,而是按照修辞顺序和文字生成顺序及二者的结合来安排事件,既可以灵活安排事件,又可以达到客观化效果,并且打破读者的习惯化阅读。同时通过对《创世纪》叙事的模仿使《人树》呈现出一种史诗感。《人树》一方面是体现现代叙事技巧的杰出文本,同时又运用了上帝般的全知视角,并以斯坦的一生为贯穿故事始终的线索,这些体现了叙事艺术的伟大传统。正是现代与传统的交织使《人树》既具有炫丽的现代形式,又具有深厚的历史底蕴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Patrick Victor Martindale White(1912-1990) is one of the most famous contemporary author in Australia. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973“for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature”. All the feature are showed in the novel The Tree of Man which was published in 1955 and brought a very praise to White. On the one hand, the novel imitates Genesis and show“the genesis”of Australia; on the other hand, the novel focuses on character’s stream of consciousness instead of traditional plot, and show the process of Stan’s approaching to God step by step. Because the novel contain so many factors of religion, many studies pay their attention on that and neglect the narrative art showed in the novel.Firstly the author in this paper approaches the point of view of The Tree of Man. The Tree of Man use omniscient perspective to introduce the background, and convert to limited one to show the specific scene by using character’s eye and voice. And by using both telling and showing narrator make the novel presents the picture of the parkers’life to readers. While building this world of space in mind the readers construct the novel’s spatial form, so we can say the presentation leads to the success of spatial narrative in The Tree of Man.And then the author analyzes the spatial form of the novel and the narrative function of the space in the novel by using spatial narrative theory. In The Tree of Man time and space became one and cross each other, so when the readers try to interpret the novel from the angel of narrative plot in the novel they only get a pile of debris of plot, but when we put the debris together we can find a spatial form constructed. The construction of the novel base on a line which is formed by Amy’s and Stan’s world’s meeting, coinciding, estranging from each other, being closed to each other. The plot is already fragmented, so to promote story developing has no foundation according to the internal logic of events, and the development of the story is motivated by the character crossing the space border around themselves, the new circumstance will bring new life opportunities, also bring new conflict, which are essential elements of the story to continue. The spatial form of The Tree of Man make its plot over the traditional concept since Aristotle, the plot of the novel focus on character’s inner conflict and weaken their action, and also the line of plot has became into parallel structure from a single one. Since the plot beyond the traditional concept of plot, the arrangement of events is not based on the cause and effect logic, but on the order of rhetoric and text generation and the combination of them. The new sequence not only can arrange events flexibly, but also can achieve an objective effect and break the readers’inertia. And the plot of The Tree of Man shows a kind of epic feel for its imitating Genesis.The Tree of Man on the one hand is an outstanding text reflecting modern narrative skills, on the other hand use the omniscient God-like perspective, and by Stan’s life clues the whole story, so the novel can also be seen a text containing the great tradition of narrative art. So we follow that tradition intertwining with modern makes The Tree of Man have not only a dazzling modern form, but also deep historical meaning.更多还原