【作者】 张翼；

【导师】 钟涨宝；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 社会学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 自1750年以来,世界许多国家都相继经历了工业化过程,作为发展中国家代表的中国,自20世纪七八十年代开始,也开始了发展迅速的工业化过程。经济层面的工业化,伴随而来的是社会层面的城市化。城市化最实质的内容是城市人口的增加,其中最主要的方式就是农村人口向城市的转移,继而在城市化过程的不同时期产生出在规模、特征、结构不等的城市移民群体。以20世纪80年代改革开放为界,可将发生在中国的城市化粗略划分为两个阶段,一是严格的城乡二元分割体制下的农民向城市的政策安排性转移,二是城乡二元体制逐步松动后发生的农村剩余劳动力向城市的自由流动。因此,不同时期的城市化相应产生出两类城市移民群体,可将其称为城市老移民和城市新移民。本研究关注的是后者。所谓城市新移民,是指改革开放以来在我国社会城市化进程中大量的由农村迁入城市,在城市工作生活且有相对稳定的收入但仍未获得城市户口,但具有在城市长期定居意愿的这一群体。之所以称其为城市新移民,是相对于80年代以前的老移民,一方面这一群体不再受到一系列严格的城乡分隔政策的限制,可以根据自身的需要在农村与城市间自由迁移,另一方面不同于老移民在政策安排与允许下迁移到城市并相应获得合法的城市市民身份,城市新移民虽然自由迁移到城市工作、生活,并有强烈的城市定居意愿,却仍然受到户籍制度的限制无法获得城市市民身份的制度认可,这无疑加剧了城市新移民融入城市的困难。因此,城市新移民的社会适应状况亟待各界的关注。“物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程”,城市与农村截然不同的生产方式必然导致它们拥有各自独特的文化特质、生活方式和价值观念。城市新移民的社会适应就是指这一群体以具备现代性特征的市民为“参照群体”,通过不断调整自己的身心状态,从而使个体或群体与城市环境相协调的状态。本研究主要参照学者有关城市移民问题及流动人口社会适应问题的相关研究成果,以城市新移民为研究对象,运用问卷调查、个案访问及田野观察的社会学研究方法对当前城市新移民的社会适应问题进行实证研究,主要从经济适应(包括职业、经济收入、城市购买力等)、生活方式适应(包括休闲方式、交往类型、城市语言掌握程度等)这两个维度来具体度量城市新移民社会适应现状。同时通过一系列相关分析来确定城市新移民的社会适应影响因素,包括个人层面和社会层面的因素,最后为制定提高城市新移民的城市适应的相关政策提出建设性建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1750, many countries have gone through the process of industrialization. China, as the representative of developing countries, processed the rapidly developed industrialization since 1970s. Industrialization of economic level brings urbanization of the social level. The most essential content of urbanization is the enhance of population, of which the most important way is that the population transferred from rural areas to urban areas, so, in different periods of urbanization process, came out with immigrations of different scales, features and structures.With the boundary of Reform and Opening which happened in 1980s, China’s urbanization can be divided into two periods, one is the peasants transferred to cities with the policy arrangement under the strict urban-rural dual system, and the other one is the free flowing of the surplus rural labors after the urban-rural dual system has been gradually loosening. Therefore, different periods of urbanization produced two types of urban immigrations, which can be called the old city immigration and the new city immigration. This study focuses on the latter one.The new city immigration represents who transferred from rural areas to urban areas in the process of urbanization of our country after the Reform and Opening, now are living and working in cities, with the willing of long-term settlement, and who have stable income but haven’t own their city registers till now.Comparing to the city immigration before 1980s, the new city immigration have two different factors:On the one hand, This group can move from rural area to urban area according to their need because there are longer separated by the urban-rural dual system; On the other hand, the old city immigrants were allowed migrating to urban areas and gained a legal status in city corresponding. However the new city immigrants who have migrated to cities and have a strong wish to settle in the city, still can’t be recognized as the urban citizen limited by the household registration system. So the urban adaptability of the new city immigration became more difficult and be focused by lots of researchers. "The production mode of material life constraints the process of social life, political life and spiritual life", the totally different production modes of city and countryside will lead the different cultural traits, life styles and values. The urban adaptability of the new city immigration refers to those who compared to modern citizens, adjusted their physical and psychological conditions continuously, so that individuals or groups can live in the city in harmony. The main reference of this study is the researches relative to city migration and urban adaptability of flowing populations. Taking the new city immigration as research object, and using social research methods such as questionnaires, individual interviews and field observations, this study focuses on the city adaptability of new city immigration. In this study, there are two scales to measure the city adaptability of the new city immigration:economic adaptability (including career, income, city purchasing power and so forth); life-style adaptability (including leisure style, communication type, degree of mastering the urban language and so on. What’s more the study, through a series correlation analyzes, to find out factors that influence on the urban adaptability of the new city immigration, including the factors of individual level and social level. At last the study gives some suggestions of improving the urban adaptability of the new city immigration.更多还原