【作者】 汪强；

【导师】 朱跃；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以“Do”的语义场为例

【摘要】 语义韵作为现代语料库语言学的一个重要研究对象,指的是在语言使用过程中,一个词的周围搭配词往往形成一个特定的语义类,具有相同的情感意义。语义韵揭示了语言使用中的一个重要原则“搭配和谐”,并在很大程度上拓展了词汇研究的范畴。语义韵现象首先由Sinclair于1991年发现,而语义韵的概念则由Bill Louw于1993年首先提出并逐渐为大众所知,进而成为学术界新的重要研究对象。随后,国内外诸多学者对语义韵进行了一系列研究,并就如何将语义韵理论应用到词汇学习中提出了很多建设性的意见。例如,Stubbs在1996年将语义韵划分为三类：积极、中性和消极(在本文中,笔者将语义韵归为积极、错综和消极三类,因为“中性”这个词不能贴切反映一个词的语义韵)。潘芳和冯跃进在2003年的一篇论文里讨论了如何基于语料库使用定量和定性方法研究语义韵。他们通过分析语言使用中的一些语义韵实例,得出结论认为语义韵研究有助于促进语用学、认知语言学以及翻译理论研究的发展。为了更好地将语义韵理论应用到英语词汇学习,尤其是同义词学习中,本文主要采用对比研究的方法,选取do语义场内的十个同义词(accomplish, achieve, commit, complete, execute, finish, fulfill, organize, perform, undertake),主要基于中国英语学习者语料库(CLEC)和上海交大科技英语语料库(JDEST)两个在线语料库研究分析这十个词的语义韵情况(笔者在本文中还使用了当代美国英语语料库),并主要回答以下三个问题：1.所选十个词各有什么样的语义韵?2.中国的英语学习者在使用这些词的时候是否有语义韵冲突?如果有,是什么原因造成的?3.英语本族语者在语言使用过程中是否也有语义韵冲突,如果有,原因是什么?通过研究和分析,笔者发现,首先,所选十个词当中有八个词具有错综语义韵,语义没有明显的情感倾向。而commit具有消极语义韵,经常与表达消极情感的词汇共现,如crime和suicide。同样,本文研究发现perform也经常与消极词汇搭配使用。其次,中国的英语学习者对于所选词的总体使用情况良好,但笔者也发现他们在achieve、fulfill和perform三个词的使用中存在语义韵冲突。经分析,这种冲突可能是由依赖词典单词释义来学习词汇的传统学习方法造成的,而词典中很多单词的释义具有误导性。因此,我们在词汇学习以及词典编纂的时候需要注意语义韵理论。第三,以commit在当代美国英语语料库中的研究为例,笔者发现本族语者在语言使用中也存在语义韵冲突的现象,有些人为了达到一种特定的修辞效果而故意营造语义韵失调的氛围。这启示我们在阅读和翻译外国文献的时候要特别谨慎,因为语言在使用过程中是十分灵活的。笔者希望本文的研究能够为语义韵研究做出一定的贡献,帮助人们更好地理解语义韵理论,从而掌握更好的词汇学习方法。本文的创新之处在于本文首次基于两个在线语料库对十个英语同义词进行了对比研究,揭示了一系列与语义韵相关的语言现象,并对英语词汇学习提出了一些建议。笔者在论文的结语部分也指出了本文研究的局限性并对以后的研究提出了一些意见和想法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semantic prosody, one of the most popular topics in modern corpus linguistics, generally refers to a common language phenomenon that the collocates of a word usually form a semantic class that can be characterized in terms of attitudinal meaning. It reveals the "collocation harmony", which is an essential principle in language use and expands the studies on vocabulary to a great extent.Semantic prosody has aroused strong interest in the academic circles since it was first noticed by Sinclair in 1991 and was first introduced to the public by Bill Louw in 1993. Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted researches on semantic prosody and have proposed a lot of constructive ideas in applying the theory to vocabulary learning. For example, Stubbs classified semantic prosody into three categories:positive, neutral and negative in 1996 (In this thesis, the author divides semantic prosody into positive, intricate and negative ones as "neutral" is a rather plausible word). In 2003, Pan Fang and Feng Yuejin discussed how to analyze collocations by quantitative and qualitative methods based on corpus study. By analyzing some examples of semantic prosody in language use, they believed that it will inspire and promote the development of pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and translation theory.In order to apply the theory of semantic prosody to English vocabulary learning, especially English synonym learning, this thesis concentrates on a contrastive study of the semantic prosodies of ten words(accomplish, achieve, commit, complete, execute, finish, fulfill, organize, perform, undertake) in the semantic field of do mainly based on two online corpuses (The Chinese Learner’s English Corpus and the Jiao Da English for Science and Technology)(the Corpus of Contemporary American English is also used in the thesis), and aims to answer the following three questions:a). What kinds of semantic prosody do the chosen words have?b). Do Chinese learners use these words correctly in terms of semantic prosody and what are the causes of the possible semantic prosody shock? c). Is there semantic prosody shock in language use by native speakers, and what are the possible reasons?Through research and analysis, the author of this thesis makes a conclusion that eight of the ten chosen words have an intricate semantic prosody without an obvious attitudinal tendency. However, commit displays a negative semantic prosody and it often co-occurs with unpleasant words like crime and suicide. Similarly, perform is often used together with unpleasant words according to the research results in this thesis.Secondly, English learners in China use most of the target words correctly in terms of semantic prosody. However, the author has found that there exists semantic prosody shock compared with native English expressions in English learners’use of achieve, fulfill and perform. The main cause of the shock may be due to the conventional way of learning English vocabulary that relies to a great extent on the definitions in English dictionaries which are sometimes confusing or even misleading.Thirdly, there is also semantic prosody shock in native speakers’language use according to the study of commit in the Corpus of Contemporary American English because native speakers sometimes manipulate the shock on purpose to convey certain implicature in a rhetorical manner. This finding is instructive in that it tells us that we should be careful when reading and translating English original literatures and we should also learn it by heart that language is flexible.The author hopes that the present study can make some contributions to the theory of semantic prosody and help people to better understand the theory, which is valuable in vocabulary learning. The originality of the thesis lies in that it makes a contrastive study of the ten English synonyms based on two online corpuses for the first time, which reveals several language facts and provides some suggestions for vocabulary learning. In the final part of the thesis, the author also points out the limitations of the present study and makes suggestions for further studies.更多还原