【作者】 王钊；

【导师】 熊诗波；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是融合了传感器技术、无线通信技术、微机电系统技术和数字电子技术的新的综合型技术。目前在军事、工业监控、环境监测、交通和医疗方面已经得到了广泛应用。同时针对无线传感器网络的研究正逐步深化,应用领域也越来越广,它正逐渐深入到人类生产和生活的各个方面,必将成为一种给人类带来革命性发展的新技术。生产过程智能化高度发展的今天,在机械系统引入无线传感器网络技术进行设备运行状态监测和故障诊断具有重要的意义。在工业监控领域应用无线传感器网络的手段具有传统的有线传感器手段无法比拟的优势。它具有布置灵活、适应性强、快速自组网、无需职守、维护费用极低等优点,甚至针对特殊应用可以开发信息处理和智能控制的功能。通过无线传感器网络对机械设备进行监测可以更加方便快速的了解设备运行状况,对设备可能出现的故障做出准确分析和判断,提高设备的维护效率。无线传感器网络是一种应用性极强的技术,作为其基本组成单元的无线传感器节点有多种节点平台解决方案。根据不同的监测对象首先要选择不同的传感器,具体到应用则要考虑整个节点平台适用性。在机械设备的状态监测应用中,要达到高频率、高速率、大数据量传输等要求就要设计合理的节点平台。在大量研读节点平台技术和芯片资料的基础上,本文提出了适于机械设备状态监测的节点平台方案,开发了底层程序,通过调试验证了程序的可用性,并成功地将802.15.4/ZigBee协议栈应用在节点平台上。为后续在软件和硬件方面的开发都打下了坚实的基础。本文主要内容如下:(1)本文以对比应用较广的几个无线通信标准入手,介绍了无线传感器网络的体系特点和体系结构。分析了作为基本标准的IEEE802.15.4协议及其采用的频段特性和扩频机制,并介绍了以此为基础的ZigBee标准。(2)节点硬件平台的设计,分别以ADXL345作为传感器模块的核心元件、以MSP430单片机为微处理器模块的核心,无线通信模块则采用了CC2420模块。详述了ADXL345传感器板的设计过程。(3)通过C语言编程完成了ADXL345传感器、FLASH芯片以及CC2420的程序设计,实现了振动信号采集和无线收发功能。(4)通过嵌入传感器和FLASH芯片的底层代码完成了TI的ZigBee协议栈在节点平台上的应用,成功组网,实现了完整的协议栈功能,并进行了应用层的初步开发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Sensor Network is a new integrated technology, which combined sensor technology, wireless communication technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology and Digital electronic technology. Now, it has been widely used in military, industrial control, environmental monitoring, transportation, and medical. As the research evolution on Wireless Sensor Network, its application fields are gradually expanding. It is penetrating deep into each aspect of the human`s production and life, and will must be a revolutionary new technology.Nowadays, intelligent process of production is highly develeped. It is of great significance applying Wireless Sensor Network to monitoring mechanical system operation conditions and fault diagnosis. In the application field of industrial control, Wireless Sensor Network has obvious ascendancy over traditional wired sensors. It has many desired properties, such as flexible layout, great adaptability, rapid self-organization, unattended and ultralow maintenance costs. Even function of signal process and intelligent control can be developed for special application. Monitoring mechanical equipments by Wireless Sensor Network, we can conveniently and quickly learn its operating conditions, and correctly analyze the potential fault. It will enhance the efficiency of equipment maintenance.Wireless Sensor Network is the technology with high applicability. As the basic unit, WSN node has a variety of platform solutions. We should choose different sensors for specific monitoring target, and different node platforms for particular application. In mechanical equipment monitoring applications, a suitable node platform must be designed to achieve the requests of high-frequency, high-speed, large amount of data transmission. Based on referring a plenty of material on node platform and chip, a Wireless Sensor Networks node applied to acquisition and transmission of vibration signals was designed. We develop the basic driver program, and make sure its availability. The application of 802.15.4/ZigBee protocol stack was also accomplished. What we have done will lay a solid foundation for subsequent develop of both hardware and software.The main of the article content are shown as follows:(1) Following comparison of several wireless communication standards, the characteristic and architecture of Wireless Sensor Network system were introduced. Then we analyzed the basic standard of Wireless Sensor Network (IEEE802.15.4), its band characteristics and spreading mechanism. We also introduced Zigbee, witch is based on IEEE802.15.4.(2) The design of node platform was achieved. MSP430 is the microprocessor. The ADXL345 is the chief chip of digital accelerometer, and The CC2420 Module acts as the wireless communication module. We also introduced the progress of designing ADXL345 board in details.(3) Program of ADXL345, FLASH chip and CC2420 was completely developed by C programming. Through program, the node can accomplish the mission of collection and wireless transmission about vibration data.(4) The node platform we designed can use TI Zigbee stack by embedding code of ADXL345 and FLASH chip, and can format networks successfully. It achieved complete protocol stack functionality. We also conducted the initial development of application layer.更多还原