【作者】 高静；

【导师】 叶起昌；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 外国语言学与应用语言学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】对奥巴马获奖感言的功能分析

【摘要】 语言和政治有着十分紧密的联系。这种联系在政治语篇里得到了充分的体现。政治语篇包括政治演讲、媒体文本以及议会辩论等。很多语言学家将不同的理论、方法用于政治语篇分析,其中批判话语分析理论用得最多。本文将一个新的分析理论-马丁和罗斯的分析理论用于巴拉克·奥巴马的诺贝尔和平奖获奖感言,分析其政治意义以及合法化和非法化。合法化和非法化是政治语篇的主要策略功能之一。合法化和强迫有着密切的联系,合法化的目的是树立权威,让别人服从。合法化所使用的方法包括采用对发言者有利的论据,引用魅力型领袖的语言,积极宣扬成绩,宣传我方的正面形象。非法化则正相反,非法化经常使用的手段是宣传他方的负面形象。本文将奥巴马的获奖感言作为分析对象,因为该演讲引起了很大的争议。将马丁和罗斯的分析理论作为理论框架是因为该理论研究重点是跨越小句的意义,研究对象是文本展开后出现的一个个小句。该理论是韩礼德系统功能语法的最新发展成就。韩礼德认为,语言有三个元功能：概念功能、人际功能以及语篇功能。三个元功能分别体现世界的不同方面,并且同小句意义的不同模式相联系。概念功能涉及的是自然世界；人际功能涉及的是社会世界,特别是说话者和听者之间的关系；语篇功能涉及的是言语世界,特别是语篇中信息的流通。每个元功能分别与马丁和罗斯分析理论的不同系统相对应。马丁和罗斯理论包括五个系统：评价、概念、联结、识别以及语篇格律。评价系统对应人际功能,概念、联结对应概念功能,识别和语篇格律对应语篇功能。论文对奥巴马获奖感言进行了详细分析。本文围绕语言的不同元功能,将马丁和罗斯的分析理论应用于对该演讲的分析。论文的目的是通过对获奖感言的详细分析,揭示该演讲中的合法化以及非法化价值。论文包括四章。笫一章介绍了论文的写作背景,目的和意义,数据收集的原则,分析方法以及论文的安排。第一二章介绍了政治语篇的策略功能,回顾了政治语篇分析的几个发展阶段：修辞学,批判语言学,认知语言学以及语用学。本章还阐述了采用马丁和罗斯分析理论的原因。第三章是论文的主体部分。该章用马丁和罗斯的分析理论对奥巴马演讲进行了详细的分析。演讲分为三部分,每部分表达不同的意义。对第一部分的分析只包括了对语篇功能和概念功能的分析。对第二部分和第三部分的分析则包括对语言三个元功能的分析。在第二部分,奥巴马提出了一个重要的概念：“正义的战争”,从这部分起,奥巴马开始论证美国在阿富汗发动战争的合法性。奥巴马在第三部分开始证明美国对其他国家干预的合法性。这些都可以通过对评价系统,概念系统,联结系统,识别系统以及识别系统的分析得以体现。通过分析语言元功能在演讲中的实现,揭示了奥巴马演讲中的合法化和非法化价值。第四章是文章的结论部分。结论不仅包括对分析的总结,演讲的政治意义,同时还指出了马丁和罗斯分析理论的不足之处：繁琐,语境分析不明确,没有直接揭示出意识形态、权利和不平等。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a close relationship between language and politics. Their close relationship has been clearly demonstrated in political discourse. Political discourse consists of political speeches, media texts and parliamentary debates. Much has been done by linguists concerning political discourse analysis, and different theories and approaches have been applied to political discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis as the most frequently used one. In this thesis, a new framework-Martin and Rose’s analytical framework will be applied to Barack Obama’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech to analyze its political significance and legitimization and delegitimization.Legitimization and delegitimization is one of the main strategic functions of political discourse. Legitimization bears close relationship with coercion, and establishes the right to be obeyed. The techniques used include arguments about speakers’wants, charismatic leadership projection, boasting about performance and positive self-presentation. Delegitimization is the counterpart of legitimization, one technique used is negative other-presentation.Obama’s acceptance speech is chosen as the object of study because the speech causes controversy among the public.Martin and Rose’s analytical framework studies meaning beyond the clause and resources that lead us from one clause to another as a text unfolds. The analytical framework is the latest achievement of systemic functional grammar developed by M.A.K. Halliday. Halliday sees language as simultaneously fulfilling three metafunctions:the ideational metafunction, the interpersonal metafunction and the textual metafunction (Bloor.& Bloor,2001). Each of the three metafunctions is about a different aspect of the world, and is concerned with a different mode of meaning of clauses. The ideational metafunction is about the natural world; the interpersonal metafunction is about the social world, especially the relationship between speaker and hearer; the textual metafunction is about the verbal world, especially the flow of information in a text. Each metafunction is realized by corresponding system or systems within Martin and Rose’s framework. This framework is composed of five systems, appraisal, ideation, conjunction, identification and periodicity. While appraisal fulfills interpersonal function, ideation and conjunction fulfill ideational function and identification and periodicity fulfill textual function.The thesis will give a detailed analysis of the speech. Around the three metafunctions of the language, the analytical framework by Martin and Rose is applied to the analysis of the speech. This thesis aims to show the legitimizing and delegitimizing value attributed to Obama’s speech through careful analysis of this speech.The thesis is composed of four chapters.In Chapter One, the background of this research, its purpose and significance, the principle of data collection, the method adopted and the arrangement of the thesis are introduced.Chapter Two describes strategic functions of political discourse and gives an overview of stages of political discourse analysis:rhetoric, critical theories, cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. And it also explains why Martin and Rose’s analytical framework is applied to the analysis.Chapter Three makes a systematic analysis of Obama’s speech with Martin and Rose’s framework in detail. And the speech is divided into three parts, each expressing a meaning different from the previous one. The interpretation of Part One includes the analysis of the realization of textual metafunction and ideational metafunction. The interpretations of Part Two and Part Three of the speech contain the analysis of the realization of all three metafunctions of the language. In Part Two, Obama proposes an important concept:the concept of "just war" and begins to justify military actions of the U.S. in Afghanistan. In Part Three, Obama justifies the U.S. intervention in other countries’affairs with the help of the system of appraisal, the system of ideation, the system of conjunction, the system of identification and the system of periodicity. And legitimizing and delegitimizing value attributed to Obama’s speech is disclosed through realization of different metafunctions.Chapter Four is the conclusion. It includes not only the summary of the analysis, the meaning disclosed, its political significance but also disadvantages of the framework: cumbersome, implied context analysis and implicit ideology, power and inequality.更多还原