【作者】 马琳；

【导师】 毛保华； 孙全欣；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要：城市快速路以其运量大、车速快的特点成为各大城市的交通主动脉,在提高城市交通运输服务水平、缓解城市交通压力方面具有重要作用。但是,随着汽车保有量的飞速增长,快速路的拥堵问题凸显,尤其在高峰时段快速路出入口成为快速路通行能力的“瓶颈”,对于设置在出入口附近的公交站而言,其设置不当则会加剧出入口的“瓶颈”效应,并由此引发相关快速路段和周围路网的车辆行驶缓慢或堵车,进一步造成城市交通路网低效。本文主要研究设置在快速路出入口附近的公交停靠站对出入口通行能力的影响。论文系统分析了设置在快速路上的公交停靠站特点及普遍存在的问题；结合快速路出入口附近社会车辆的分合流交通特性,描述公交车辆进出站过程对连续交通流的干扰机理；在既有的以间隙接受理论为基础的出口匝道通行能力模型基础上,建立受公交站设置影响的出口匝道连接处通行能力模型,并分析微观交通仿真软件VISSIM在解决该问题时的适用性；最后,以出口上游设置公交站为例,通过改变公交站与出入口间距和公交车到达频率两个因素,进行仿真试验15次,分析公交站设置对出口通行能力的影响。在对北京市南三环快速路调研的基础上,本文通过参考刘家窑桥西出口附近断面交通特性调查数据,建立交通仿真模型。选定通过车辆数量、通行时间、延误时间和排队长度四项评价指标作为仿真试验模型评价指标,根据15次仿真试验得出的具体数据进行分析,分别总结出公交站设置因素对出口匝道检测区车辆通行的影响规律,给出快速路出口附近30m-100m范围内设置公交站的建议,并得出模型参数α的取值范围,为以后的进一步研究提供数据参考。由于理论及经验水平所限,本文还有待于更进一步的深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:Because of its heavy volume and fast speed.,the urban expressway is a mainstay in the traffic operation.It plays more and more important role in improving the service level and mitigate the press of the city transportation. But, as the number of personal vehicle increases sharply, the problem of traffic congestion occurs in the urban expressway has become more and more outstanding, especially in the peak hours, the access point of urban expressway is the bottleneck of the traffic capacity. When the layout of the bus stop unreasonable, it can make the bottleneck impact more seriously, meanwhile, it can also cause the relative roads and networks around into traffic jams,and at last cause traffic networks inefficient.This paper focus on the traffic capacity of the urban expressway access points infulenced by the the unreasonable setting of Bus Stop,which near the exit and the entrance urban expressway.Firstly, it systematically analyzes the characteristics and the problem of the Bus Stop which set on the urban expressway.Then describe the disturb process to the countious traffic flow which caused by the bus operating and parking on the urban expressway,combining with the vehicle’s merge and diverget characteristics nearby the access point. Thirdly,based on the Gap Acceptance Capactiy Model for the off-ramp of Urban Expressway,establish the Capactiy Model for the off-ramp influenced by the setting of the bus stop.Meanwhile, analyze the reasons of the VISSIM why it suitable for solving this problem. In the end, take the bus stop setting on the upstream for example,making the simulation trial for fifteen times in order to research the capacity infulence of exit and entrance of the urban expressway which caused by the setting of the bus stop,by means of changing two main factors,one is the distance between the bus stop and the access point,the other is the bus reach rate.It also according to the investigation data of traffic characteristics about the south of the third-ring expressway in Beijing, referring to the exit of LiuJiaYao Bridge. Establishe the models based on traffic simulation. Selected the number of passing vehicles, the traffic travel time, the delay time, the length of the queue as the evaluation indexes. Throughing analyse the data of the simulation trials to summarize the law of the infulence,and draw a conclusion.of setting the bus stop nearby the exit and entrance of the urban expressway, on the premise of the distance between 30m-100m.so that can give a reference for the further research.As the limitation of time and manpower,the research can’t refer to all side,so it needs to be come on in the future.更多还原