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利多卡因或罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉时对BIS的影响

Effect of Ropivacaine and Lidocaine on the BIS in Epidural Anesthesia

【作者】 赵颖

【导师】 吕黄伟;

【作者基本信息】 中国医科大学 , 麻醉学, 2010, 硕士

【摘要】 目的观察硬膜外阻滞麻醉的镇静作用,以及硬膜外阻滞复合全麻在手术过程中对于镇静药物用量的影响。材料和方法一、病例选择全麻下行胃肠肿瘤手术的病人48例,其中男28例,女20例,年龄40-70岁,体重48-81kg, ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,无严重的心肝肾等脏器的疾病,无凝血功能障碍。病人随机分为四组:利多卡因硬膜外组(LE组),罗哌卡因硬膜外组(RE组),利多卡因静脉组(LI组)和咪唑安定静脉组(MI组)。二、方法病人进入手术室后,开放外周静脉,给予晶体液5ml/kg静滴,面罩吸氧3L/min,常规监测心率(HR)、血压(BP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心电图(ECG)并监测脑电双频指数(BIS)。待病人安静后记录下各项数值作为基础值。LE组及RE组病人翻身行硬膜外穿刺(穿刺间隙因手术不同而选择Ts-L1),头向置管3-4cm。硬膜外试验剂量给予2%利多卡因3-5毫升,5分钟后LE组给予2%利多卡因10毫升,RE组给予0.75%罗哌卡因10毫升,10分钟后两组均给予咪达唑仑0.03mg/ml静注,5分钟后可行全麻诱导插管。LI组先给予利多卡因0.8mg/ml静注,15分钟后再给予咪达唑仑0.03mg/ml静注,5分钟后可行全麻诱导插管。MI组仅于15分钟时给予咪达唑仑0.03mg/ml静注,5分钟后可行全麻诱导插管。麻醉诱导应用靶控得普利麻从2ug/ml逐渐调节至4ug/ml,罗库溴胺0.9mg/kg,舒芬太尼0.3ug/kg静注。术中依据情况以及利多卡因和罗哌卡因的作用时间,追加硬膜外药物剂量,LE组每45分钟给予2%利多卡因7毫升,RE组每2小时给予0.75%罗哌卡因7毫升。调节靶控输注得普利麻2-4ug/ml,使BIS值维持在40-60。三、统计分析方法所有数据采用前后组内对照和组间对照,以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,统计学方法采用单因素方差分析,用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学处理,P<0.05为有统计学意义。实验结果各组的年龄,体重,性别,硬膜外穿刺间隙及手术时间均无显著性差异。用药后,各组病人的HR均无明显的改变;MAP在LE组及RE组给予硬膜外追加量后有所下降,给予胶体扩容,可纠正硬膜外阻滞引起的血压下降,维持在正常范围。Sp02始终保持在95%以上。ECG无明显改变。LE组和RE组组内对照各个时间点的BIS值均有明显降低(P<0.05)。LE组及RE组在各时间点的BIS值与MI组相比均有明显的下降。MI组与LI组相比20min有显著差异。LE组和RE组与LI组和MI组相比,整个手术过程中维持相同的麻醉深度,显著减少了镇静药物的用量。而LI组与MI组相比较没有明显的差异,LE组与RE组相比较没有明显的差异。结论经硬膜外给予利多卡因或罗哌卡因都可以显著的降低BIS值,硬膜外复合全麻组与单纯全麻组相比,减少了镇静药物的用量。经硬膜外给予利多卡因和罗哌卡因都有镇静的作用。

【Abstract】 ObjectivesInvestigation of the sedation of epidural anesthesia and the effect on the dose of sedative in epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia.Materials and Methods48 patiens with gastrointestinal neoplasms classified as ASA I orⅡgrade under the general anesthesia operation were randomized into 4 groups, each group consists 12 patients.The LE group was administered with xylocaine, the RE group was given Ropivacaine,, LI group was first administered xylocaine by intravenous infusion, then midazolam also by intravenous administration, MI group receives midazolam through intravenous infusion. Simultaneously, the effect on bispectral index (BIS), heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation and the change of sedative that used were observed.ResultsEpidural administration of xylocaine or ropivacaine can significantly decrease the BIS. In addition compared with single use of general anesthesia, the combination of epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia can reduced the dosage of sedative.ConclusionIntravenous administration of xylocaine or ropivacaine could enhance the sedation of anesthesia.

【关键词】 利多卡因罗哌卡因咪达唑仑硬膜外BIS镇静
【Key words】 LidocaineRopivacaineMidazolamepiduralBIS
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