【作者】 钱志萍；

【导师】 王全喜；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 水生生物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 化石能源的枯竭与人类对能源需求之间的矛盾以及燃烧后造成的环境问题已成为21世纪人类面临的最严峻的问题之一。氢气以其热值高、密度小、清洁、可再生等特性被认为是最理想的替代能源。目前氢气的制备主要有化学方法和生物方法两大类,生物制氢主要以细菌、蓝藻和绿藻三个类群为主。厌氧细菌的暗发酵、光合细菌的光发酵都是分解有机物,成本相对较高,绿藻光解水产氢又对氧气极端敏感,反应条件相当苛刻,而蓝藻中的丝状蓝藻中有一部分藻种含有异形胞,该结构可形成天然的无氧环境,其中的固氮酶可催化固氮反应产生氢气,因此本文对10种丝状蓝藻进行产氢筛选,并对筛选出的藻种进行调控,总结出产氢的最佳培养参数,为蓝藻生物制氢的工业化提供一定的理论依据。本文选取10种丝状蓝藻,分别为多变鱼腥藻Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413,鱼腥藻Anabaena sp.PCC 7120,普通念珠藻Nostoc commune,发状念珠藻Nostoc flagelliforme,海绵状念珠藻Nostoc spongiaeforme,沼泽念珠藻Nostoc paludosm,林氏念珠藻Nostoc linckin,颤藻Oscillatoria,钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis,极大螺旋藻Spirulina maxima。我们对其进行产氢培养后发现,念珠藻科的藻种均有产氢能力,其中念珠藻属的发状念珠藻和鱼腥藻属的多变鱼腥藻具有较高的产氢能力;颤藻科的3个藻种在空气和光照环境下不具有产氢能力。本文对筛选出的多变鱼腥藻Anabaena variabilis ATCC29413进行了生长及产氢培养的调控后发现,光照强度35μmol·m-2·s-1,温度28-30℃,使用BG-II(-N)作为培养基,pH值在7.1左右,对多变鱼腥藻ATCC29413进行振荡培养15天,这些条件是多变鱼腥藻光合营养生长阶段的最优化培养参数;氩气密闭环境,光照强度80μmol·m-2·s-1,温度30℃,静置培养,这种外界条件对其产氢是最有利的,氢气产量比未调控前提高了5倍多,达到气体总体积的8.4%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The conflicts between depletion of fossil and human demand for energy, as well as the impact of post-combustion on the environment has become one of the most serious problems in the 21st century. Hydrogen is considered the best alternative energy source because of its high heat value, less density. In addition, it is also clean and renewable.Currently, there are two ways of hydrogen preparation including chemical and biological methods. Biological hydrogen production focuses on three taxa as bacteria, blue algae and green algae. The cost of anaerobic dark fermentation and photosynthetic bacteria fermentation is relatively high to decompose organic matter. In addition, the process of photolysis of water for hydrogen production in green algae is extremely sensitive to oxygen and the reaction conditions are fairly harsh. While some kinds of filamentous cyanobacteria contain heterocyst and its structure can form a natural anaerobic environment, in which nitrogen-fixing nitrogenase enzyme catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen. Our study chose 10 kinds of filamentous algae for hydrogen production filter, and regulated these species. We got the best parameters of hydrogen production which provided a theoretical basis for the hydrogen industrialization with cyanobacteria.The specific results of this study is as follows:This study elected 10 types of filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to Cyanophyta, Cyanophyceae, Hormogonales, Nostocaceae and Anabaena of the genus Nostoc, Spirulina and Oscillatoria of the Osicillatoriaceae respectively. After hydrogen production cultivation, species of Nostocaceae have a hydrogen production capacity and especially, the Nostoc flagelliforme and Anabaena showed higher hydrogen production capabilities; Three species of Oscillatoria did not show any hydrogen production capacity in the air and light environment. In this study, after regulation of growth and hydrogen production cultivation of the algae Anabaena variabilis ATCC29413 we filtered out, we found that light intensity of 35μmol ? m-2 ? s-1, temperature of 28-30℃, the use of BG-II (-N ) as a medium, pH value of about 7.1, shaking culture for 15 days on the Anabaena variabilis ATCC29413, these conditions are the optimize parameters in photosynthetic growth phase of this algae. In addition, external conditions as argon gas under sealed environment, light intensity at 80μmol ? m-2 ? s-1, temperature of 30℃and static culture were most favorable on the hydrogen production. Its hydrogen production increased by more than 5 times, which reached about 8.4% of the total volume of gas.更多还原