【作者】 方芳；

【导师】 宋世彤；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 赫尔曼?麦尔维尔是美国浪漫主义时期最著名的作家之一。《白鲸》是他的代表作。这部小说的主人公是亚哈船长。由于亚哈船长是这部经典作品中的主要人物,且个性复杂,因此有很大的研究空间。尽管已经有很多人运用不同的文学批评方法从历史、宗教、哲学、地理、种族、资本主义的本质等方面对它进行了研究,但笔者认为原型批评是解读这个人物的绝佳视角,因为作品中存在大量原型引用和原型暗示。本文以弗雷泽、荣格、弗莱的原型理论为依据的。传统观点认为,亚哈船长是个病态、疯狂的形象。但通过对《圣经》中亚哈国王与亚哈船长的比较,通过对悲剧英雄的性格特征、母题、暗示、叙述模式与亚哈船长的对照,发现亚哈船长在各方面均与悲剧英雄的特征非常吻合。此外,本文通过系统地运用原型批评的方法对其重新解读,旨在将曲解的亚哈船长还原成一位有王者风范的悲剧英雄。在悲剧英雄的事迹中,追寻、复仇和预言是永恒的母题,而在亚哈的事迹中这些母题始终是伴随他的。亚哈船长对白鲸的不懈追寻,是以复仇为根本动因的,而费达拉、以利亚、皮普等人的预言魔咒般逐一应验。在悲剧英雄的世界中,阴影和曼荼罗是最觉的原型暗示。而他们在亚哈船长的事迹中也反复出现。白鲸就是亚哈船长的阴影而曼荼罗则通过生与死、善与恶的对立统一、相辅相生中得以实现。对亚哈船长的故事以他失去一条腿,远离家人准备复仇之行开始,这意味着灾难的开始。途中,他如国王一样生活在船上,享受至高无尚的权力。他多次经历了路过轮船的善意劝告,那是来自己上帝的爱;经历了内心对自己行为的反思,这是他最顺意的时候。然后,他没有抓住这些机会,以死亡告终。这是倒U字型叙述模式,典型的悲剧叙述模式。论文分为四章。第一章简明扼要地介绍了本文的研究目的、研究意义、研究方法及研究的局限性。第二章是文献综述,回顾了与本文相关的理论,包括詹姆斯?弗雷泽、卡尔?荣格和诺索普?弗莱的原型理论和尼采、亚里士多德关于悲剧英雄发展的理论和对亚哈船长这一经典形象的传统解读。第三章是对本文论点的系统阐述,运用原型批评的方法论证亚哈船长是位悲剧英雄第四章是本文的总结,由分析得出结论,亚哈船长是一位悲剧性的、具有原型意义的英雄。更多还原

【Abstract】 Herman Melville is one of the greatest romanticists in the American literary history and Moby Dick is his representative masterpiece that is about the unremitting pursuit of the mysterious white whale-Moby Dick. Captain Ahab is the protagonist of this great novel who is a character with many faces. Because of the prominence of this novel and the complexity of the protagonist, it deserves a further study on Captain Ahab. Although lots of critical techniques have been exerted from different angles, history, philosophy, religion, geography, race, nature of capitalism etc, archetypal criticism may be a best approach to explore this great novel and its protagonist for the multitude of archetypal allusions and implications.The theories on which this thesis is based are from those of James G. Frazer, Carl. G. Jung and Northrop Frye. It aims to reinterpret Captain Ahab within the frame of archetypal criticism on a tragic hero and attempts to disclose a kingly tragic hero-Captain Ahab who has been misread as a morbid manic, with archetypal analysis of the characteristics of a tragic hero, motifs of a tragic hero, implications of a tragic hero and the archetypal narrative pattern of a tragic hero. Captain Ahab’s persistent pursuit of Moby Dick is a sort of quest and this derives from the vengeance of this whale. Captain Ahab is obsessed with prophecies from someone like Fedalla, Elijah, Pip just like Oedipus and Archilles. The shadow and Mandala implications are always along with a tragic hero according to archetypal criticism and Captain Ahab’s universe are full of them. It is evident that Moby Dick is the shadow of Captain Ahab. As for Mandala, which refers to the paradoxical unity and oneness of the apparently contrast as pairs, appears as a form of good and evil, life and death. Moby Dick and the color white represent both good and evil to Captain Ahab and the water and fire, Q、ueequeg’s coffin, the Pequod’s cyclical trip represent both life and death. Captain Ahab’s narrative pattern is an inverted U-shaped pattern that is typical of tragedy in archetypal criticism. His story begins with his loss of one leg and isolation from family, and then rises with lots of opportunities provided by God in form of the warnings of passing ships, his hesitation of his revenge on Moby Dick and his kingly dominance on the Pequod. In the end, for the sake of his wrong decisions, he ends in disaster and death. The thesis is made up of four chapters. Chapter One is a brief and clear introduction to the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the research methodology of the study and the research limitations of this thesis. And Chapter Two is a literary review of the thesis where the theories and views concerning the thesis are cited and discussed. Chapter Three is the detailed study of the Captain Ahab as a tragic hero from archetypal perspective. Chapter Four is the conclusion of the thesis, which states that Captain Ahab is an archetypal tragic hero.更多还原