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顺治朝的江南控制策略
【作者】 王刚；
【导师】 梁志胜；
【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2009， 硕士
【摘要】 公元1644年,中国政治版图出现了翻天覆地的变化。在逐鹿中原的三方势力激烈斗争后,盘踞辽东的清王朝最终成功入主中原。顺治帝是清军入关后的第一位君主。在他统治期间,基本确立了中国最后一个封建王朝的一统局面。明清时期,江南地区在全国的地位十分重要。这里经济发达,人文荟萃,为大一统封建王朝所倚重。对江南地区控制得力与否,直接关乎最高统治者的根本利益。本文选择这样一个题目,意在对顺治朝实施的江南统治策略给以多角度和客观公正的评价,对顺治朝在整个清代史中所处的奠基地位和关键作用给予足够的重视,以便能对满洲这样一个人数少又相对落后的民族能够最终统一全国这一现象作出更深刻的理解。在导言部分,笔者先叙述本文的写作缘起和目的,并简单评价和介绍了该领域的研究现状。第一章,笔者对本文要论述的“江南”作了区域界定,并从政治、经济、文教等领域对明代江南地区在国家政权中的重要地位作了论述。第二章,主要论述了顺治朝对江南的政治和军事控制策略。顺治二年,清军南下灭掉了弘光政权,将江南地区置于自己的统治之下后,由于一系列民族压迫弊政的推行,激起了江南人民的激烈反抗。清廷只得一方面致力于确立清朝在江南的统治秩序、镇压抗清运动;一方面着眼于对这一地区行政机构建制的重建和调整。本章关注了这些问题,并在第四节对清王朝所建立的八旗驻防及绿营镇戍制度在江南地区的实施情况作了具体的论述。第三章,主要从财政经济和基层社会控制角度论述顺治朝的江南控制策略。第一、二节分别介绍了漕运恢复和两淮盐务整顿,第三节关注的是基层统治秩序与社会控制的确立、赋役制度改革,并结合当前研究成果对“江南奏销案”提出了自己的看法。第四章,探讨了顺治朝对江南地区的思想文化控制策略问题。首先是科举考试的恢复和对科场秩序的整顿,提出了“科场案”发生的正面意义。接下来阐述清廷对朋党政治的打击和防范,并提及了顺治朝发生的几次文字狱。结语部分,对顺治朝政治特点作了简单的小结。
【Abstract】 AD 1644, the Chinese political territory had changed fundamentally. After the fiercely war of three major powers who want to take control of the Central Plains, the Qing Dynasty who located in liaodong got the success. Shunzhi was the first emperor after the Qing dominated the Central Plains. The unified Situation of the last Chinese Feudal dynasty was funded basically, when Shunzhi was the emperor.During the period of the Ming and Qing, the area of jiangnan played the important role in the whole country. The developing of the unified feudal dynasty depended on the advancing of the jiangnan area, because its economy was booming and there were a lot of person with ability that can improve the developing of the whole country. The purpose of this thesis is to objectively and equitably evaluate the strategy that was taken by the emperor of Shunzhi in order to dominate the area of jiangnan. Moreover, this thesis emphasizes the fundamental status and pivotal function of Shunzhi dynasty, so that it can be understand why Manchuria can take control of the whole country, although it is the undeveloped nation with less people.In introduction, the reason and intention of this thesis was presented. And the status quo of this area was evaluated and introduced simply.In chapter one, the area of "jiannan" was defined. What is more, the important status of this area in national regime was dissertated in political, economical, cultural aspects.In chapter two, the political and martial strategy that was taken to dominate the area of jiangnan was discussed. In the second year of Shunzhi, the army of Qing went down to the south and destroyed the regime of hongguang. Then Qing dominated the area of jiangnan. However, the people of jiangnan revolted drastically, because a series of ethnologic oppressive policy was implemented. On the one hand, the government of Qing had to establish the regnant system to the area of jiangnan, and suppressed the revolution which was against the control of the Qing. On the other hand, the government of the Qing had to reestablish and adjust the administrative institution of this area. This thesis focused on these problems, and discussed the system which was implemented by the Qing to the area of jiangnan in the section four. There were two kind of system. One is the Eight Banner Garrison. The other is the guard of green camp.In chapter three, the strategy that was taken by Shunzhi Dynasty to control the area of jiangnan was analyzed in the two kinds of aspects which were the control of financial economy and the control of local society. The section one and section two introduced the recovery of Canal Transport and the rectification of Double Huai salt affairs separately. Section three focused on the establishment of the basic dominion order and social control, and the reformation of the taxes and corvee system this part presented the writer’s own idea about the jiangnan case of repayment of money and grain debts combined with the current research achievement.In chapter four, the strategy was studied, which was taken by Shunzhi Dynasty to control the ideology and culture of jiangnan area. Firstly, The Imperial Examination System was recovered and the Imperial Examination order was rectified. And the positive meaning of the Imperial Examination case was presented. Then, it described that Qing government prevented and cracked down the party politics, and it presented the Literary Inquisition of the Shunzhi Dynasty.In conclusion, the political characteristic of Shunzhi Dynasty was summed up simply.