【作者】 黎智峰；

【导师】 高腾云； 谭支良；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文围绕如何从营养调控手段缓解当前畜禽养殖业发展中的热应激问题,分别以添加有机铬制剂和苦丁茶提取物为切入点,研究了结合采用上述两种添加途径对热应激山羊消化代谢、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响。试验Ⅰ:按4×4拉丁方试验设计分别给安装永久性瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端三位点瘘管、体重为20±2.5 kg的山羊饲喂基础日粮、添加有烟酸铬、酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬的日粮,研究日粮有机铬制剂对热应激山羊消化代谢、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响。日粮有机铬制剂添加原则为在综合考虑不超过各产品推荐最大添加量同时,折算成纯品后日粮中添加量均为1 mg/kg。结果表明:补铬对热应激山羊直肠温度、呼吸频率,DM、N、ADF消化代谢,十二指肠TAA、TEAA流量,回肠TAA、TEAA、TNEAA流量以及小肠TAA、TEAA、TNEAA消化率,瘤胃pH值、瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸浓度以及A:P,血液AMM、GLU、TP、BUN、HDL、TG、CHO、AMY、LDH、ALT、AST、Cor、INS、Glucagon、T3和T4浓度均没有显著影响作用(P>0.05);添加烟酸铬可显著增加山羊十二指肠NDF、Asp和TNEAA流量(P<0.05)、十二指肠TAA流量分别比对照组、添加酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬组分别高6.91%、4.44%和2.42%、使瘤胃丁酸和TVFA浓度分别下降47.91%和15.48%(P<0.05);添加酵母铬显著增加山羊回肠OM流量(P<0.05)、使瘤胃NH3-N浓度下降39.54%(P<0.05)、瘤胃丁酸浓度降低46.28%(P<0.05);添加吡啶羧酸铬使山羊07:00和19:00呼吸频率分别下降13.16%和6.67%、显著增加山羊十二指肠NDF流量(P<0.05)、回肠TAA流量分别比采食对照组日粮、添加烟酸铬和酵母铬日粮的山羊分别高5.24%、2.11%、4.04%;补充烟酸铬、酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬分别使瘤胃pH日内平均值下降0.32%、2.31%和0.81%(P>0.05),且补铬有降低血液CHO的趋势。试验Ⅱ:按4×4拉丁方试验设计分别给安装永久性瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端三位点瘘管、体重为20±2.5 kg的山羊饲喂苦丁茶提取物含量分别为0、400、600和800 ppm的日粮,研究日粮苦丁茶提取物水平对热应激山羊消化代谢、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响。苦丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng)购自海南(干燥枝叶,一芽5～6叶),其水分含量为6.8%,主要成分为皂甙,其含量为12%。结果表明:日粮苦丁茶提取物水平对热应激山羊DM、N、OM、NDF和ADF消化,十二指肠TAA、TEAA和TNEAA流量,山羊瘤胃pH值、NH3-N浓度和TVFA含量,血液抗氧化指标T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、MDA以及AMM、GLU、TP、BUN、CHO、LDH、ALT、AST、INS、Glucagon、T3和T4均没有显著影响作用(P>0.05);添加400 ppm苦丁茶处理TAA小肠消化率最高,分别比对照组、添加600和800 ppm苦丁茶处理高0.42%、0.27%和0.19%;血浆SOD活性和GSH-Px含量有增加趋势;添加600 ppm苦丁茶能使热应激山羊早、晚直肠温度和呼吸频率均有下降趋势;瘤胃pH值有增加趋势;血浆GSH-Px平均值有增加趋势;添加800 ppm苦丁茶瘤胃pH值有增加趋势;血浆T-AOC日内平均值有增加趋势;三种苦丁茶添加水平均有降低瘤胃NH3-N浓度;血浆MDA水平、TG含量均有下降趋势,其中以添加600 ppm苦丁茶处理下降最为明显;提示苦丁茶提取物对热应激山羊具有较好的抗氧化能力和一定的降血脂作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis attached how to mitigate the heat-stress on the development of livestock using nutritional manipulation ways, studied the effect of organic chromium and kudingcha extract on digestion and metabolism, runimal fermentation and blood biochemical parameters in heat-stressed goats.ExperimentⅠ: A trial with four ruminanlly, duodenally, ileally cannulated goats (initial body weight: 20±2.5 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments in a 4×4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of dietary organic chromium on digestion and metabolism, runimal fermentation and blood biochemical parameters in heat-stressed goats. The total mixed diets fed to the goats were based diets, and the other three diets were supplemented with niacin chromium, yeast chromium and picolinate chromium, respectively. The results showed: the rectum temperature and respiratory rate, the digestion and metabolism of DM, N, and ADF, the duodenal flows of TAA, TEAA, the ileal flows of TAA, TEAA, TNEAA, the intestinal digestibility of TAA, TEAA, TNEAA, the ruminal pH value and the runimal concentration of acetic acid, propionate acid, isobutyrate acid, isovalerate acid, valerate acid, A:P, concentration of AMM、GLU、TP、BUN、HDL、TG、CHO、AMY、LDH、ALT、AST、Cor、INS、Glucagon、T3 and T4 in the blood were not affected by the supplement of organic chromium (P>0.05). The duodenal flows of NDF, Asp and TNEAA increased (P<0.05) when supplemented with niacin chromium, the duodenal flow of TAA for the NR treatment was 6.91%, 4.44% and 2.42% (P>0.05) higher than that of the CR, YR and PR treatment, respectively; the concentration of butyrate and TVFA in the rumen of the NR treatment decreased 47.91% and 15.48% (P<0.05) compared with the CR treatment. The ileal flow of OM of the YR treatment was increased (P<0.05), the ruminal concentration of NH3-N and butyrate acid decreased 39.54% (P<0.05) and 46.28% (P<0.05), respectively, when supplemented with yeast chromium. The respiratory rate for the PR treatment decreased 13.16% and 6.67% at 07:00 and 19:00, respectively, compared with the CR treatment (P>0.05); the duodenal flow of NDF increased significantly (P<0.05) when supplemented with picolinate chromium and the ileal flow of TAA was 5.24%, 2.11% and 4.04% (P>0.05) higher than that of CR, NR and YR treatment, respectively. When supplemented with niacin chromium, yeast chromium and picolinate chromium, the ruminal pH value decreased 0.32%, 2.31% and 0.81%, respectively.ExperimentⅡ: An experiment with four ruminally, duodenally and ileally cannulated goats (BW=20±2.5 kg) were allocated to four levels of kudingcha extract in a 4×4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of dietary levels of kudingcha extract on digestion and metabolism, runimal fermentation and blood biochemical parameters in heat-stressed goats. Goats were fed the total mixed diets containing four levels of kudingcha extract (0, 400, 600 and 800 ppm). The major component was saponin and its content was 12%. The results showed: the dietary levels of kudingcha extract did not affect the digestion and metabolism of DM, N, OM, NDF and ADF, the duodenal flows of TAA, TEAA and TNEAA, the ruminal pH value and concentration of NH3-N and TVFA, the blood anti-oxidation indexes of T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and the blood parameters of AMM, GLU, TP, BUN, CHO, LDH, ALT, AST, INS, Glucagon, T3 and T4 (P>0.05). the small intestinal digestibility of TAA was highest when supplemented with 400 ppm kudingcha extract and it was 0.42%, 0.27% and 0.19% higher than that of CR, MR and HR treatment, respectively, there was an increasing tendency of blood content of SOD and GSH-Px for the LR treatment. When supplemented with 600 ppm kudingcha extract, there was an decreasing tendency of the rectum temperature and respiratory rate at 07:00 and 19:00, and it was reverse for the ruminal pH value and the blood concentration of GSH-Px. There was an increasing tendency of ruminal pH value and the blood concentration of T-AOC for the HR treatment. There was an decreasing tendency of runimal concentration of NH3-N and the blood concentration of MDA and TG for the three supplemented levels of kudingcha extract, suggested that it had an better effect of antioxidant abilities and an serum lipid lowering effect.更多还原