【作者】 张翠田；

【导师】 李霞；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 民商法学， 2009， 硕士

【副题名】成年监护制度的最新进程

【摘要】 在社会结构发生变化——逐渐向老龄化社会转变,国际人权观念深入人心这样的背景下,针对成年监护制度不管是在理念方面,还是在具体制度方面的缺陷问题,改革势在必行。目前许多国家也正在进行着成年监护制度改革,而最新的是英国2007年10月施行的《意思能力法》,它用一部单一的法案,把无意思能力者作统筹处理,体现了英国目前成年监护制度发展的最新进程。本文对全文69条的《英国意思能力法》和成年监护相关的部分进行了研究,并且对我国的成年监护制度进行了检讨与反思,希望可以对我国成年监护制度有所改善。本文分了五部分,共计38000字左右。第一部分:概述,论述了《意思能力法》与成年监护的关系,从《意思能力法》的基本内涵,成年监护制度的发展入手,论述了《意思能力法》的出现是对成年监护制度的最新的完善;同时本部分论述了《意思能力法》出现之前的英国相关法案的相关内容。第二部分:《意思能力法》制定的背景,从社会背景人口老龄化和人权观念的发展两个方面来论述。第三个部分:对《意思能力法》主要内容的论述,是对我国成年监护制度改进相关的主要内容的论述,论述了构建本法基础的五个基本原则,论述了对监护制度影响至深的持续性代理权制度,论述了两个公共团体——监护法院和公共监护人的出现。第四部分:对我国现行成年监护制度进行了论述和评析,首先从被监护人、监护人、监护人的职责和责任、无行为能力和限制行为能力的认定方面,简单介绍了我国法律的规定,然后对我国法律规定理念上的落后、模式上的缺陷、保护范围上的不完善、监护类型上的单一、监督上的问题和监护人权利与义务的不明确进行了评析。第五部分:《意思能力法》对我国成年监护制度的启示,本部分从六个方面进行了论述,第一,引进新的理念,“尊重自我决定权”和“正常化理念”的引进,以及我国民法对于两个理念的体现;第二,个案审查制度的确立。论述了引入个案审查和对我国目前制度设计的改进。第三,保护范围的扩大,从国际上保护范围的加大和我国保护范围应该加大两个方面进行了论述;第四,监护类型的论述,讲了意定监护制度和对我国监护类型的启示;第五,设立监护监督人,公权力介入,认为我国应该设立监护监督人或监护监督机关,公权力应该介入。第六,监护内容的完善,从监护人职责和监护人权利两个方面对监护内容的完善进行了论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the change in the social structure,there is a gradual shift to an aging society and great acceptance to the international concept of human rights,so the reform in the concepts and specific systems of adult guardianship system is imperative.At present,many countries are proceeding with the reform in the adult guardianship system.The latest one is Mental Capacity Act which was enacted in the United Kingdom in October 2007.It used a single bill to deal with the incapacity and this reflected latest developments in adult guardianship system in the United Kingdom.This article researched on the Mental Capacity Act and parts of adult guardianship system and conducted a review and reflection on the adult guardianship system in China.I hope that there will be improvement in the adult guardianship system of our country.This article is divided into five parts and a total of around 38000 words.PartⅠ:Generalization,this part discussed the relation between Mental Capacity Act and the adult guardianship system.Started from the basic content of Mental Capacity Act, it described that the emergence of Mental Capacity Act was the latest perfection to the adult guardianship system.At the same time,this section discussed the related bills in the United Kingdom before the appearance of Mental Capacity Act.PartⅡ:The background of Mental Capacity Act:This part described the background of the aging population as the social background and the development of human rights.PartⅢ:The exposition of the main contents of Mental Capacity Act:This part described the main contents of the reform of the adult guardianship system in China,the five basic principles as the basis for constructing this act,the LPA system exerted profound impact on the adult guardianship system and the emergence of the two public groups,that is,The court of protection and the public guardian.PartⅣ:Discuss and analysis the adult guardianship system in China:First of all,the part simply introduced our legislation from the perspectives of the ward,the guardian,the duties and responsibilities of the guardian and the identifion of the Incapacitated and the limited capacity person.And the later it described the backward of our concepts,the defects of our modes,imperfections on the scope of protection,the types of the guardianship,the issues of supervision and the rights and obligations of guardians in the legislation of our country.PartⅤ:Enlightenment of Mental Capacity Act to the guardianship system of our country:This part discussed from six aspects.First,we should introduce the new concepts of "respecting the rights of self-determination" and "normalization" and these two concepts should be embodied in the Civil Code of China.Secondly,using new models and introducing the case review system.It discussed the introduction of case review system and the improvements of designation of the current systems.Thirdly,increase the scope of protection.It discussed this issue from two aspects,that is,the increase of the international scope of protection and our scope of protection should be increased.Fourth,the types of Guardianship:It describes the freewill guardianship system and its enlightenment to the adult guardianship system of our country.Fifth,the establishment of guardianship supervisor:Public authority should he intervened.Our country should establish the supervision of the guardian or custody supervision authority.Sixth,the perfection of the contents of Guardianship system:It described the perfection of the contents of guardianship from two aspects,that is,the responsibilities of the guardian and the rights of the guardian.更多还原