【作者】 吉日嘎拉；

【导师】 包勇；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 成吉思汗作为一代伟大的军事家和政治家,其执政思想在大蒙古国的建立、发展、壮大中发挥了无可比拟的作用,为历代史学家和蒙古学专家所屡屡称赞。本文基于前人研究成果,试图对成吉思汗的执政思想进行系统的研究。本文从国家的建立、巩固与汗位继承三个阶段对成吉思汗执政思想进行了剖析,力图找出其内在的规律性和启发意义。游牧民族生产的发展为交换提供了条件,私有制的产生打破了原有的氏族关系,加剧了贫富分化,导致了阶级的产生。阶级关系不仅打破了原有的血缘关系,而且加剧了统治阶级和被统治阶级间的矛盾。随着统治阶级权力的加强,哈不勒汗统领蒙古诸部,蒙古社会趋于初步统一。由于内外原因,这个初步统一的脆弱的国家经常遭受破坏。到了13世纪,建立更强大的统一国家的需求变得愈发紧迫。成吉思汗正是顺应这一历史潮流而统一了蒙古政权。经过实践,他认识到建国应结合“权”、“力”、“和”。建国后,出于巩固政权的需要,他革新了军队,完善了国家机构,巩固了暴力机关以及监狱等,并制定了法律,依法治国。随着行政管理日趋复杂,成吉思汗进一步完善了行政管理机关。在他的行政组织和管理内包含了“统一管理”、“下放权力”、“修身”、“民主”等重要思想。成吉思汗非常重视民心的向背。成吉思汗认为“欲得其人,先得其心”。即拥有军心和民心是拥有国家权力和稳定国家的重要因素。皇位继承思想是成吉思汗执政思想的延续,同时也是巩固政权思想的具体表现。本着国家利益重于一切的思想,他对选拔皇位候选人极为重视。成吉思汗依法治图,提倡民主,下放权力.修养民众等方面的执政思想对大蒙古国的建立及巩固起到了积极的作用。即使今天,对我们仍有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Genghis Khan has been recognized as one of the great strategists and statesmen according to historians in mongology. Genghis Khan’s ideology of establishing, developing and strengthening the Mongol Empire was considered unprecedented during the time he ruled.The information in this paper is drawn from previous academic research on the topic of Genghis Khan. The research and development of this paper tries to show Genghis Khan’s administration philosophy in a systematically coherent manner. This paper will analyze the three stages of Genghis Khan’s period of rule. The three stages are the establishment of the state, strength of the state, and the succession of the throne. Analyzing these three stages will clearly reveal the Cohesiveness during Genghis Khan’s period of rule and the effectiveness of his strategies on the Mongol people.Previous to Genghis Khan’s empire the Mongols were an emerging nomadic people who were advancing in the exchange of commodities. Due to the privatization of ownership, the traditional clan life style began to dissolve and the polarization between the rich and the poor increased. Because the Mongol people exchanged the clan tradition to a class type society three developed a chasm between the ruling Mongols and the common people. Genghis Khan’s grandfather, Habol Khan, initiated the unification of the Mongol ruling class with the common people. The state built by Habol Khan suffered from damages due to both internal and external impacts. In thirteenth century, it was becoming quite urgent for this state to build a more unified country. Genghis Khan subjected to this historical torrent and gradually united the Mongolian regime. After a serious of political practice, Genghis Khan came to realize that there were three elements which should be integrated into his ruling: Right, Power and Harmony. After the establishment of the country, he took measures to renew the army forces, improve the functions of government organs, and empower state violence organs in order to consolidate his regime over the state. Meanwhile, he enacted laws, and he ruled by law. With daily affairs of administrative management growing more and more complex, Genghis Khan further expanded the administrative authority of the executive departments. Genghis Khan believed in "conquering the body, conquering the heart first"—winning people and army’ s approval was the premise of the stability of the state. The policy on the succession of the throne, which was referred to be a concrete embodiment of his wish to an everlasting empire, was a continuation of his former ruling governance. Genghis Khan valued every decision he made to the selection of his successor.To sum up, Genghis Khan decentralized his authority by ruling the country according to law, and Mongolian people had a valuable period of rehabilitation under the unified and democratic society created by him. Some of his great ideologies during the foundation, as well as the consolidation stage of his empire have afforded us lessons even today.更多还原