【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 周菲；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 行政管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 公共政策是由政府或其他政策主体制定的、调整全社会利益关系并具有鲜明的目标或方向的政治行动或所规定的行为准则,它是一系列条例、法令、措施、办法等的总称。因此,公共政策的制定与公民的利益息息相关。要想提高公共政策制定的质量,就必须让公民参与到公共政策的制定中来。公民参与,具有及其重要的功能,它贯彻民主信念的进一步落实,可以发挥集体智慧去解决社会问题,可以使更多的公民认识政府政策的制定和执行。经过集体参与,互相取长补短,可减少政策上的流弊与个人的私欲、影响政策的成败、促进公民个人的成长。由此可见,公民参与对于公共政策的制定具有举足轻重的作用。现代社会的政府职能是以公共管理为根本,而政府要想把公共管理做好就要从自身进行完善,建设服务型政府。服务型政府要求政府为公民服务,一切工作以公民利益为中心。因此,在政府制定公共政策时,一定要倾听公民的声音,激发公民的参与热情,鼓励公民积极投身到公共政策的制定中来。目前,中国在公民参与公共政策制定的实践中取得了一定的成绩,但还存在着一些问题,这就有待不断完善政府的服务职能。同时,这也应该成为深入探讨的课题。登哈特教授的新公共服务理论是在对包括企业家政府理论在内的新公共管理理论进行反思和批判的基础上产生的。在登哈特教授的新公共服务理论的思想来源和概念基础中,具有当代性的理论先驱主要包括:民主公民权理论、社区与公民社会的理论、组织人本主义和新公共行政、后现代公共行政。本文在宏观把握、充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,运用文献分析法、实证分析法、比较分析法来深入探讨中国公共政策制定中的公民参与问题。为此,本文以北京出租车换型风波为例,运用新公共服务理论对中国公民在参与公共政策制定中存在问题的原因进行了具体分析并尝试提出了完善中国公民参与公共政策制定的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Formulated by the government or other policy-making organs, the public policy serves as a political action or the prescribed norms of conduct, which regulates the interests of the entire society and is characterized by distinctive goals and directions. It is a general reference to a series of regulations, decrees, measures, approaches and so on. Therefore, the public policy-making is closely linked with the citizen’s interests. The citizen must participate in public policy-making, which is a guarantee to improve the quality of public policy-making. Citizen participation bears vital functions: it can further implement democratic beliefs, give free rein to collective wisdom in order to solve social problems, and make more citizens get to know the formulation and implementation of government policies. Collective participation and learning from each other’s strengths to offset one’s weaknesses can reduce malpractices in policy-making and selfish desires, affect the success or failure of the policy and promote the maturity of citizens themselves. It is thus clear that citizen participation is of decisive influence on public policy-making. Public administration is fundamental to the functions of the government in modern society so the government has to perfect itself and establish service-oriented governments in order to operate the public administration effectively. A service-oriented government requests that the government serve the citizen and focus on the citizen’s interests in doing everything. Hence, when formulating a public policy, the government must heed public opinion, stimulate the citizen’s interest of participation, create a participation-oriented atmosphere and encourage the citizen to engage in making the public policy. Currently, China has made some achievements in the practice of citizen participation in public policy-making, however, there still exist certain problems which entail the continual improvement of the government’s functions. Moreover, that should also be a topic worth further discussion.The emergence of professor Denhardt’s theory of new public service is based on the reflection on and criticism of the theory of new public administration, including the entrepreneur and government theory. In the ideological source and basic concept of Professor Denhardt’s theory of new public service are the contemporary pioneering theories, mainly the theory of democratic civil rights, the theory of community and civil society, organizing humanism, new public administration and post-modern public administration.On the basis of macroscopic understanding and full use of the fruit of predecessors’study, and by comparing and analyzing literature and concrete evidence, the thesis makes a thorough discussion of the citizen participation in public policy-making. For this purpose, taking the transformation of the taxi model in Beijing as an example, and applying the theory of new public service, the thesis gives an elaborate analysis to the reason for the difficulty of Chinese citizen participation in public policy-making and also attempts to propose solutions to the perfection of Chinese citizen participation public policy-making.更多还原