【作者】 崔大练；

【导师】 满秀玲；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱胁迫常常成为水土保持树种成活的限制因素。探讨不同干旱胁迫条件下两树种的生理生态学特征变化和生理生化指标特征,对于在干旱半干旱地区栽培固土水保植物具有重要意义。紫穗槐和俄罗斯大果沙棘是2种常见的水土保持树种,由于其根系发达,固土保水效果好,所以被广泛应用于水土保持。本研究以紫穗槐、俄罗斯大果沙棘2年生幼苗为材料,运用石腊切片技术,研究在重度、中度、轻度干旱胁迫条件下两种水保植物叶片的形态解剖学特征和生理生化指标特征,结果如下:(1)随着胁迫强度的加深,紫穗槐和俄罗斯大果沙棘形态特征上对干旱适应表现为:叶面积、叶厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度、气孔器面积、表皮毛长度呈降低趋势,栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值,中脉突出度、表皮毛密度则呈增加趋势。紫穗槐叶片各种形态解剖学指标增幅均大于俄罗斯大果沙棘。这两种植物的下表皮厚度,栅栏细胞的层数均无明显的变化。(2)叶片外部生态特征对干旱胁迫的适应性表现为:随着干旱程度的增加,叶片的大小、形状、数量均呈降低的趋势,紫穗槐生存能力明显大于俄罗斯大果沙棘,在三种胁迫下均能正常生长,俄罗斯大果沙棘在重度胁迫下生长停止只能维持存活到后期部分出现死亡。(3)干旱胁迫对保护酶的影响表现为重度、中度、轻度干旱胁迫下SOD、POD活性明显高于对照,而且随着胁迫时间的延长而增加,重度胁迫下SOD、POD活性与中度、轻度差异显著。随着胁迫强度的加深,紫穗槐SOD、POD活性值增幅明显高于俄罗斯大果沙棘。(4)干旱胁迫对渗透调节物质的影响表现为重度、中度、轻度干旱胁迫下脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量明显高于对照,而且随着胁迫时间的延长而增加,重度胁迫下脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量与中度、轻度差异显著,而中度与轻度差异不显著。干旱胁迫条件下,可溶性糖含量差异不显著。随着胁迫的深入,紫穗槐叶片的脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量增幅明显高于俄罗斯大果沙棘。(5)干旱胁迫条件下MDA含量,膜透性随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加,重度干旱胁迫条件下MDA含量和膜透性与中度、轻度差异显著。随着胁迫的深入,俄罗斯大果沙棘叶片的MDA含量和细胞膜透性增幅明显高于紫穗槐。(6)二种植物在各种干旱胁迫条件下束缚水/自由水比值具有明显差异,紫穗槐在重度干旱胁迫条件下束缚水与自由水的比值增幅大于俄罗斯大果沙棘(7)从叶片形态、解剖结构、保护酶系统、渗透调节物质,细胞膜损害物质的变化比较可以看出紫穗槐的苗期抗旱性比俄罗斯大果沙棘强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drought stress frequently becominged the limiting factor of the soil conservation tree species survive. This paper studied physiological ecology characteristic change and physiologic biochemical criterion characteristic in differ drought stress condition twain tree species .Its were of far reaching importance.toward at dry region cultivate stereo-earth water conservation plant.Amorpha fruiticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides are two species familiar soil conservation tree species, it were extensive used to soil conservation due to root system upgrowth, stereo-earth water conservation fruitful.This paper used two year rawness seedling for material, handle earth wax cross sectioning technique, research under conditions of severe stress, mild stress, light stress gentleness moisture menace amphi-water protect plant vaned shape anatomic characteristics. Avail guaiacol farad mensuration pod activity, acidity ninhydrin colorimetry mensuration proline content, anthracenone ethyl acetate colorimetry mensuration soluble sugar content, Coomassie brilliant blue farad mensuration dissolubility protein content, conductivity farad mensuration plasmalemma relatively pass through gender , thiobarbituric acid farad mensuration MDA content.Research result as follows:(1) leaf area, leaf thickness, palisade tissue and spongy parenchyma, stomatal apparatus area, epidermal hair length submit depress trend;Palisade tissue / spongy parenchyma ratio, midrib jut , epidermal hair density then in company with stress degree increase.submit increase trend A. fruiticosa and amplify apparently higher than H. rhamnoides.(2)SOD, POD activity apparently in higher severe stress, mild stress, light stress than comparison, so in company with stress temporal prolong whereas Increase. SOD, POD activity in severe stress were significant difference with mild stress, light stress. A. fruiticosa SOD, POD activity amplify apparently higher than H. rhamnoides.(3) drought stress versus osmotic regulation physical impact behave as severe stress, mild stress, light stress down proline, dissolubility protein, soluble sugar content apparently higher than comparison, furthermore in company with severe stress temporal prolong increase, severe stress down proline, dissolubility protein content with severe stress significant difference, whereas with mild stress and light stress difference was inconspicuousness. Drought stress condition down,soluble sugar content difference was inconspicuousness. The proline, dissolubility protein, soluble sugar content of A. fruiticosa amplify apparently higher than H. rhamnoides. (4) Drought stress condition down,MDA content, membrane permeability came along drought stress increase increased, severe stress condition down MDA content and membrane permeability significanted differencewith mild stress and light stress . MDA content, membrane permeability of A. fruiticosa content amplify apparently higher than H. rhamnoides.(5) The ratio amplify greater of the freedom of freedom of Two planting thing under conditions of different kinds of moisture menace bound water / ratio possess distinctness difference, A. fruiticosa under conditions of density moisture menace bound water with than H. rhamnoides.(6) Amorpha fruiticosa the seedling stage drought resistance was strong than Hippophae rhamnoides.更多还原