道路交通事故民事赔偿责任研究

【作者】 杨浩；

【导师】 季立刚；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 道路交通事故是全球所面临的社会灾害。目前,全球每年因道路交通事故死亡超过了120万人,我国是交通事故最严重的国家之一,每年因道路交通事故死亡达10万人。世界上最珍贵的莫过于人的生命、身体和健康。道路交通事故不但造成人员伤亡和社会经济损失,而且给我国成千上万的家庭带来了不幸,也给社会带来诸如法律诉讼、经济纠纷和心理等社会问题。随着社会的发展,人们的法律意识日益提高,关于道路交通事故的诉讼争议和纠纷也会越来越多。因此,健全的道路交通事故民事损害赔偿法律制度,对处理当事人之间的纠纷,预防交通事故的发生有着重要的意义。本文拟以道路交通事故民事赔偿责任领域理论与实务中的若干问题为中心,探讨道路交通事故民事损害赔偿法理论及国外的道路交通事故赔偿的法律规定。道路交通事故民事赔偿责任要解决的是因机动车事故受到伤害的受害人得到赔偿的问题,但同时,它对道路交通事故的减少和预防也会起到积极的抑制作用。本文的结构与主要内容如下:第一章:道路交通事故民事赔偿责任的一般原理。本章中,明确了道路交通事故的定义和构成条件,对道路交通交通事故民事赔偿责任的概念、特征、性质和构成要件等问题,进行了归纳和整理,为研究实际问题提供理论基础。第二章:道路交通事故民事赔偿责任的归责原则。本章中,首先从比较法的角度对德国、法国、日本、英国、新西兰各国的机动车交通事故损害赔偿责任的归责原则进行了考察,重点结合研究目的和我国实际,进行了对若干问题的比较研究,对完善我国立法提供参考和借鉴。随后,回顾了我国道路交通事故归责原则的法制进程,对我国《民法通则》中确定的无过错归责原则、《道路交通事故处理办法》中确定的过错归责原则,及《道路交通安全法》确定的无过错归责原则进行分析、比较。第三章:道路交通事故民事赔偿责任主体。本章中,首先论述了道路交通事故民事赔偿责任主体的基本概念,明确了事故责任者和事故民事赔偿责任主体两者之间的区分。随后,如果对比分析了国外确定责任主体的标准,提出了“二元论”的概念,并结合实务提出了意见。最后,对有偿乘车、无偿同乘、、擅自驾驶、车辆挂靠、车辆未办理过产、雇员驾驶、车辆被质押、车辆出租出借等14种类型的道路交通事故民事赔偿主体进行了分别阐述。第四章:我国道路交通事故民事赔偿制度的完善本章中,根据前文的综合分析和研讨,从理论和实践的角度提出了完善机动车第三者强制保险制度、完善社会救助基金和明确精神损害赔偿的数额范围的方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Road traffic accident is a globally-confronted social calamity. At present, over 1.2 million people die from road traffic accident around the world every year. China is one of the countries that have got severe traffic accidents. There are nearly 100,000 people die from traffic accident every year. It’s well- known that life, body and health are the most precious in the world. The road traffic accident brings not only human casualty and social loss, adversity to thousands of Chinese families, but also continuous social problems, such as juristic actions, economic controversy and psychology, and etc. With social development, peoples’ legal consciousnesses are increasing gradually, and juristic events at issue concerning road traffic accident happen frequently. Therefore, to perfect motor vehicle traffic regulation of civil compensation for damage is of great significance to adjudicate dispute of those concerned and prevent traffic accident.The main body of the article is focusing on the theory of road accident civil compensation responsibility and legal problems, discussing the theory of the law of civil compensation for road accident damages, citing the legal rules abroad. To determine the road accident civil compensation responsibility is to solve the problem of civil compensation for damages that caused by the motor vehicle accident, and in the meantime, it can play an active role of decreasing and preventing road accidents.The main structure and content of the article is as follows:The first chapter: common principles of road accident civil compensation responsibility.In this part, the author determines the road accident definition and condition, sorts out the conception, characteristic, constructional elements of the road accident civil compensation and provides a rationale for further discussion.The second chapter: disciplines of the road accident civil compensation responsibility imputation.In this part, the author refers to the disciplines of the road accident civil compensation responsibility imputation of the countries such as Germany, France, Japan, United Kingdom and New Zealand. Comparing the facts in China with the above countries, he has studied the relative problems and tries to improve the legislation in China. After that, he recollects the road accident imputation legal institutions course in China, analyses and compares the nothing fault ascertaining in the "General Principles of the Civil Law" , ascertains in imputation in " the road accident handles way" , and the nothing fault that "road traffic Law on State Security" ascertains imputation.The third chapter: main body of road accident civil compensation responsibility.In this part, the author discusses the basic concept of main body of road accident civil compensation responsibility, and the differentiation between accident responsibility person and main body of accident civil compensation responsibility at first. Then, he analyses and compares the standard of ascertaining the responsibility main body abroad, puts forward the concept of "dualism" , and proposes an idea combining with Chinese reality. At last, the author discusses the main body of the 14 kinds of road accidents individually, those are the compensation riding, riding without compensation, driving presumptuously, vehicles attached or affiliated to, vehicle transfer not handled, employee driving, vehicle pledged, and vehicle lent.The fourth chapter: the improvement of road accident civil compensation system in China.In this part, deliberating the comprehensive analysis according to the previous article, combing theory and practice, the author puts forward the scheme that perfecting rules of compelling "the third person" to insure, setting social relief fund, determining the sum of spirit compensation for damages clear.更多还原