【作者】 王海；

【导师】 刘云发；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 体育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 短道速滑是我国在冬奥会上的重点夺金项目,黑、吉两省体育局都将“短道速滑”确定为各自体育发展的支柱项目,是我国培养短道速滑后备人才的大省,也是短道速滑强省,多年来为国输送了大批优秀运动员。然而,随着我国社会结构转型的不断深化和新兴体育趣味项目的不断增多,人们对滑冰的热情越来越低,特别是运动员退役安置困难、学习与训练矛盾突出以及竞技体育独有的“高投入、高风险”等因素,使许多家长对送子女参加冰上训练心存顾虑。从而冲击了短道速滑项目的开展,造成短道速滑项目后备人才匮乏。本文采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计以及逻辑推理等方法,以黑、吉两省具有代表性的教练员、管理人员、运动员和运动员家长为主要调查对象,就目前黑、吉两省短道速滑后备人才培养现状进行研究。结果表明:黑龙江省在生源培养区域、经费投入、教练员结构、输送人数、选材方法和领导重视程度等方面均好于吉林省;两省目前共同面临的问题有:经费投入不足、生源人数减少、教练员科研水平偏低以及选材不够系统;两省培养主要依托传统三级训练网模式,这种模式已不再顺应和适应现时社会的发展,应尽快调整和建立新的培养模式。建议进一步扩大短道速滑项目的社会影响,改善和提高运动员系统的选材方法和配套政策;建立教练员定期岗位培训制度,依托体育院校和科研机构的信息和资源优势,切实抓好教练员科研能力和执教水平。同时,行政部门应加大经费的投入,从制度上保障运动员在役期间的文化学习和退役后的生活保障;新时期在传统的三级训练网的基础上,建议应增加社会群体的模块培养,主要体现在少儿、青年和职业三个新添纵向培养体系,同时与教育和体育系统横向联合,最终为实现我国短道速滑事业的可持续发展做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 The short-track speed skating is a major event to capture gold medals in Winter Olympic Games in China. Administrations of Sports of both Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces take it as a major sports event for self-sports development. Both Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces are our nation’s major and strong provinces to turn out reserved talents and for years have been providing a large batch of outstanding personnel. With the social structural shifts deepened and the new sport events increased, the excitements for short-track speed skating get lower; several elements on the difficulty in placements of the retired athletes, the prominent contradiction between study and training and“costly input, high risks”peculiar to the competitive sport make the parents have doubts in mind in sending their children to participate in training on ice, which impact its developments and cause the scarcity in reserved talents.This research was carried on the current situation of training short-track speed skating reserved talents in Jilin Province by employing consulting, interviews, questionnaires, statistics and logical reasoning.According to the researches, first, Heilongjiang Province does better than Jilin Province in talents development, financial input, the structures of coaches, the number of provided personnel, and to what degrees of local leaders’attachments. Second, the problems confronted them are as follows: short of financial input, less student sources, lower degrees of scientific researches and unsystematic course books selection. Third, the traditional training model has been failing to keep up with the requirement of the development of modern society.Strategies and advices: first, expand the social influence of short-track speed skating, upgrading the course books selections, second, establish regular on-the-job training system and rely on the information and resource advantages provided by the physical schools and scientific researches, and attach importance on the coaches’scientific and coaching abilities. In the mean time, administrative departments should increase input to guarantee the athletes’lives. Third, in modern times, based on the three-degree training models, module developments should be increased, mainly on children, youth and professional development systems, combined with physical education system to make contributions in our nation’s short-track speed skating’s sustainable development.更多还原