【作者】 肖玲；

【导师】 胡明形；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 统计学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 森林生态服务功能是人类生存与现代文明的基础,科学技术能影响生态服务功能,但不能替代自然生态系统服务功能。由于人类不合理的利用与干扰导致了生态环境的日益破坏,从而对生态服务造成了明显损害;随着对可持续发展机制研究的深入,人们发现维持与保育生态系统服务功能是实现可持续发展的基础,分析与评价森林生态系统服务功能的价值对生态环境建设和森林健康等相关性研究都具有重要的推动作用。本研究利用江西大岗山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(简称大岗山森林生态站)长期、连续的大量观测研究基础数据,综合运用生态学、生态经济学和环境统计学等相关知识,在理论研究的基础上对涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质这三种森林生态系统服务功能价值的评价方法进行相关的案例分析研究。主要结果如下:1、对森林生态系统的涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质三种服务功能价值的评价方法在评估规范的基础上进行了一定的改进。本研究认为森林生态系统服务功能价值评价中价格的确定必须考虑生态功能的有效供给,即功能的可利用方式和可利用程度,从而使价值评价方法更加合理且具有可操作性。2、本研究的价值评价采用中水价格来计算江西大岗山森林生态系统的涵养水源的价值量;按森林木材的贡献率来计算保育土壤功能中的固土和保肥价值;将森林积累的营养物质N、P、K价值量进行折现(因为木材充分腐烂后才能体现N、P、K的有效价值)。通过对其价值评价方法的改进,使其价值评价方法更加合理且具有可操作性和实际应用性。3、将涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质这三种森林生态系统服务功能评价方法改进前后所得的价值量进行比较和评判。按照评估规范的方法所计算的大岗山涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质这三项功能的服务价值分别为25344.29万元/a、714.10万元/a和30688.95万元/a;方法改进后的大岗山涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质这三项功能的服务价值分别为3080.52万元/a、278.99万元/a和10766.39万元/a。两者计算的误差分别为:22263.77万元/a、435.11万元/a和19922.56万元/a。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest ecosystem services are the bases of the human’s survival and modern civilization.Science and technology can affect the ecosystem services,but can’t substitute the natural ecosystem services. Human beings’ unreasonable use and interferences have led to the increasing destruction of the ecological environment,which in return greatly damaged the ecosystem services.As the further study of the sustainable development research in depth,it was discovered that the maintenance and conservation of ecosystem services are the basements to achieve sustainable development.Therefore,the analysis and evaluation of forest ecosystem services have an important role in promoting the value of the ecological environment,forest health and other related studies.In this paper,the author takes the Jiangxi DaGang Mountain National Forest Ecosystem Research Station(referred to as DaGang Mountain Forest Ecosystem Station) as an example,adopting the long-term,continuous observation to get the large number of basic data,and integrating the related knowledge of ecology,ecological economics and environmental statistics to make the case analysis of the evaluation methods in the three forest value of ecosystem services:water conservation,conservation of soil and the accumulation of nutrients.The main results are as follows:1,There are some improvements of the evaluation methods to the three service functions of the forest ecosystems-conserve water sources,conservation of soil and nutrient accumulation-on the basis of assessment norms.In this study,the author believes that it must be take the effective supply of ecological functions into the consideration when concerning the assessment of the functions of the forest ecosystem services.That is the mode and degree of the usage of the functions.And in this way,it makes the evaluation methods more reasonable and feasible.2,In this study,it adopts the reclaimed water to calculate the value of water conservation of forest ecosystems in Dagang Mountain,Jiangxi Province;and using the contribution of forest timber to calculate the solid soil and fertilizer value of the soil conservation function;and discounting the forest accumulation nutrients N,P,K value(because only the decay of wood could reflect the effective value N,P,K).It makes the valuation methods more reasonable and feasible though some improvements.3,It makes a comparison and evaluation of the value obtained from the pre- and after- the improvement of these three kinds of service functions in forest ecosystem conserve water sources, conservation of soil and nutrient accumulation.According to the assessment-norms method,the result of the values of the three functions- conserve water sources,conservation of soil and nutrient accumulation in Dagang Mountain- are correspondently 25344.29 million per year,714.10million per year and 30688.95 million per year;and after improvements,these three service values are:3080.52 million per year,278.99 million per year and 10766.39 yuan per year.The errors of these two methods are as follows:22263.77 million yuan per year,435.11 million per year and 19922.56 million per year.更多还原