【作者】 袁勇；

【导师】 艾及熙；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 大自然的报复已经严重的影响了人类和城市的可持续发展。2008年5月12日,中国四川的汶川大地震使无数的人失去了生命和家园,这种悲惨的景象带给我们一个个严肃的问题:城市应该如何面对大自然的灾难,我们又该如何建设美好的家园?在一次次同大自然的抗争中,我们已经深刻的认识到,规划与建设合理、高效的城市开敞空间,是人类应对城市灾难有效的方式,本课题也就是在这样的背景下展开的研究。本文针对我国开敞空间研究的现状,进行了深入的探讨和总结,并在此基础上提出了论文需要解决的问题:如何选择开敞空间做为城市避难场所?如何利用技术手段实现开敞空间的服务对象的选择,将受灾中的人们迅速合理的分配到不同的开敞空间?在已建成区域里,如何评价开敞空间的防灾避难能力,并做出规划改建?为了解决前面提出问题,本文详细的收集了新都旧城区桂湖片区的基础空间数据,并按照如下方法进行研究:首先,根据人口密度的分布状况,将区域人口平均分配到每个建筑物之中;然后,阐述开敞空间的选址影响因素,通过缓冲区分析方法和计算机程序的实现,得到区域内的开敞空间布局;再后,根据每栋建筑物到开敞空间入口的时间,定量的计算出片区每个开敞空间的服务范围;最后,给出避难开敞空间的评价指标,以指导城市开敞空间的规划和管理。通过对计算结果的分析评价,结合现实情况进行检验,应该说这些研究成果对城市防灾规划有积极的影响和有利的参考作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban disaster prevention is an important aspect to evaluate the whole-function of urban, it is the most important and actual method to construct urban disaster prevention space system for us to make full use of urban open space. This paper firstly presents an approach to solve the problem about the population evacuation during the earthquake and presents a new method to spread out population data which can distribute the population in a district and locate to every house finally. As the core of the algorithm, Wave-front Method can calculate service range of each open space, and then urban planners can value the layout of urban open space according to the distribution of population and travel time have been calculated. Lastly, this paper provides some value indexes for open space to integrate all open space units.After having suffered the strong motion earthquake in Wenchuan, China, people focuses on urban disaster-prevention again. There is a few of modern disaster relief system based on GIS, because the current GIS systems have some shortage in their spatial analysis functions. This paper presents a new method to solve problems, such as how to calculate service area of each open space, how to value the open space planning, how to exert the powerful function of open space by integrating all open space cells and so on.In order to solve these problems, this paper detailly collects the basic spatial data of urban areas, the regional socio-economic population data according to the average population density is assigned to each building; illustrates the impact of factors about the site of open space and implementation process of computer programs. According to the length of travelling time from each building to open space, calculate quantitatively the each service area of urban open space, and give some evaluation index as a guide to urban open space’s planning and management. And all of these research results will be the construction of urban disaster prevention and it will have a positive impact and a favorable reference.更多还原