【作者】 孙佳；

【导师】 曾丽；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文利用形态学、孢粉学和分子生物学方法研究微型月季的亲缘关系,以期为微型月季品种分类、杂交育种及新品种选育提供理论依据,并对月季的系统分类研究提供理论基础。主要研究结果如下:(1)微型月季品种花色丰富,花型美丽,花径多为2-5cm。根据花的形态学分析结果,在相似系数为0.60时,可以分为两组。第一组包括:‘白柯斯特’、‘白珍珠’、‘金太阳’、‘南韩微型’、‘罗曼蒂克’、‘红云拉’、‘粉柯斯特’、‘冬梅’、‘太阳姑娘’、‘彩虹’、‘紫色时代’和‘紫微星’,特点是花径较小,小于5cm,根据颜色不同又分为几个亚组,第一亚组‘白柯斯特’与‘白珍珠’属于白色系,第二亚组‘南韩微型’、‘罗曼蒂克’、‘红云拉’、‘粉柯斯特’和‘冬梅’属于粉色系,第三亚组‘太阳姑娘’和‘彩虹’属于混色系;第二组包括:‘小女孩’、‘矮仙女’、‘兰彼得’、‘克拉丽莎’和‘自由黄金’,特点是花径较大,大于5cm,其中‘矮仙女’和‘小女孩’被分在一个亚组,为红色系。(2)利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了10个微型月季品种花粉形态特征,结果表明,微型月季花粉具3萌发孔,极面观为三裂圆形;花粉外壁纹饰为瘤状雕纹、网眼、条纹的不同组合,不同品种外壁纹饰差异较大;根据极轴/赤道轴值,微型月季花粉可分为长球形和超长球形。根据孢粉学分析结果,在相似系数为0.37时,供试微型月季分为三组:第一组包括‘白柯斯特’、‘粉柯斯特’、‘紫微星’和‘罗曼蒂克’,特点是花粉外壁纹饰的条纹、网眼均密集;第二组包括‘金太阳’、‘小女孩’、‘矮仙女’、‘草裙舞女’和‘冬梅’,特点是花粉外壁纹饰的条纹密集,具瘤状雕纹,无网眼或较少;第三组为‘红云拉’,特点是花粉外壁纹饰的条纹和网眼较少。(3)对微型月季进行了SSR技术分析,从23对引物中筛选出16对引物,25个品种在46个位点上扩增出条带,平均每对引物有2.9个扩增位点,每对引物可以检测到等位位点的个数从2-4个不等。25个微型月季品种相似系数范围在0-1之间。其中,‘红宝石’和‘紫微星’之间的相似系数最小,为0.4565;‘白柯斯特’和‘粉柯斯特’的相似系数最大,为0.9783。遗传距离范围在0-0.9262之间,其中‘红宝石’和‘紫微星’之间的遗传距离最大,为0.9262,‘白柯斯特’和‘粉柯斯特’的遗传距离最小,为0.0222。聚类结果显示,在相似系数为0.58时可分为两组:第一组包括‘冬梅’和‘紫微星’,第二组包括‘查尔斯自费生’、‘黑翡翠’、‘矮仙女’、‘红宝石’、‘紫色时代’、‘金太阳’、‘草莓色漩涡’、‘新生冰川’、‘旋转木马’、‘克拉丽莎’、‘兰彼得’、‘甜梦’、‘白雪’、‘白柯斯特’、‘粉柯斯特’、‘白珍珠’、‘南韩微型’、‘小女孩’、‘自由黄金’、‘彩虹’、‘太阳姑娘’、‘小福利’和‘红云拉’。(4)不同分类方法结果相似,但也有一定的差别。如在形态学分类和SSR技术分类中,‘白柯斯特’、‘粉柯斯特’、‘南韩微型’和‘红云拉’等品种均被划为一组,证明了他们有较近的亲缘关系。在形态学与孢粉学分类中,‘紫微星’、‘白柯斯特’和‘粉柯斯特’分为一组,而在SSR技术分类时,又显示‘紫微星’与后两个品种的亲缘关系较远。对于这种结果,可能是因为一些微型月季品种间的遗传背景本身就很相近,所以被划分为一类,也有可能实验中所用的标记数量不够,不能精细全面地分析所有供试材料。因此有关植物品种分类及亲缘关系的研究,应从形态学、细胞学、分子生物学等多个方面综合考虑,以明晰品种间的亲缘关系及系统学分类地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Morphology, Palynology and SSR analyses were made to study the genetic relationship of different Rosa hybrida minima cultivars in order to provide theoretical basis of cultivar classification, breeding, new variety breeding and molecular level study of Rosa hybrida minima. The results were as followings:1 The Rosa hybrida minima had beautiful type of flower and plenty of colors and the flower diameter is about 2-5cm. The accessions could be classified into two groups when similarity coefficient was 0.60 based on morphological traits. The first group included‘White Koster’,‘White pearl’,‘Gold Sun’,‘Korean’,‘Romantic’,‘Red cloud’,‘Pink Koster’,‘Winter Plum’,‘Miss Sun’,‘Rainbow’,‘Purple times’,‘Purple Ministar’which the flower diameter was less than 5cm and could be classified into different subgroup by flower color, such as‘White Koster’and‘White pearl’were white colored,‘Korean’,‘Romantic’,‘Red cloud’,‘Pink Koster’and‘Winter Plum’were pink colored,‘Miss Sun’and‘Rainbow’were mixing colored. The second group included‘Maddy’,‘Fairy’,‘Blue Pitter’,‘Carat Lisa’,‘Free gold’which the flower diameter was more than 5cm .‘Maddy’and‘Fairy’were classified into a subgroup which were red colored.2 Pollens of 10 Rosa hybrida minima cultivars were examined by LM (Light Microscopy ) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The cluster analysis was carried out based upon the observation results. The pollen grains were tricalporate and 3-lobed circular in polar view. Different cultivars showed different exine sculpture and fringes,luminas and verrucate. The pollen shapes were spheroidal or super-spheroidal by P/E (Polar axis length / Equatorial axis length) criteria. The result of cluster analysis indicated that the cultivars could be classified into three groups when similarity coefficient was 0.37.The first group included‘White Koster’,‘Pink Koster’,‘Purple Ministar’,‘Romantic’. The second group included‘Gold Sun’,‘Maddy’,‘Dwarf Fairy’,‘Hula Girl’,‘Winter Plum’. The third group included‘Red Cloud’.3 25 Rosa hybrida minima cultivars were used for genetic relationship analysis by using simple sequence repeat (SSR). 46 alleles were amplified by using 16 pairs of primers selected from 23 pairs, of which average 2.9 alleles per pair of primer were amplified and calculation of the similarity coefficient and also cluster analysis showed that: The variance range of genetic similarity coefficient of SSR markers among the varieties were 0.4565-0.9783, and the gnetic distance were 0-0.9262.The cultivars could be classified into the 2 groups when similarity coefficient was 0.58. The first group included‘Winter Plum’and‘Purple Ministar’and the second group included‘Charles self-expenser’,‘Black Jade’,‘Dwarf Fairy’,‘Carbuncle’,‘Purple times’,‘Gold Sun’,‘Strawberry swirl’,‘Rebirth Glacier’,‘Razzle’,‘Clarissa’,‘Blue Pitter’,‘Sweet Dream’,‘Snow’,‘White Koster’,‘Pink Koster’,‘White pearl’,‘Korean’,‘Maddy’,‘Freegold’,‘Rainbow’,‘Sunmaid’,‘Small welfare’and‘Red Cloud’.4 The Morphology, Palynology and SSR analyses classification results are proximately same,but there were also some differences.‘White Koster’,‘Pink Koster’,‘Korean’and‘Red Cloud’were classified into one group both by morphological classification and SSR technique, which showed there was closer relationships between them.‘Purple Ministar’,‘White Koster’and‘Pink Koster’were classified into a group by morphological and palynological classification , while the result based on SSR technique showed there was a distant relationship from‘Purple Ministar’to the other two cultivars. We should take them in consideration comprehensively to find the the genetic relationship of different Rosa hybrida minima cultivars and provide theoretical basis of cultivar classification, breeding, new variety breeding and molecular level study of Rosa hybrida minima.更多还原