【作者】 冯万忠；

【导师】 段文标； 许皞；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在太行山低山丘陵东部粮果间作生态指标区内选取唐县太平山小流域,以荒草地开发整理成耕地为研究对象,选取生物坎梯田、土坎梯田和坡耕地类型,依照相关理论和原则,结合耕地占补平衡耕地生产能力不降低思想,对新增耕地质量的影响因素进行分析,通过试验和统计数据并应用统计分析软件和特尔菲-层次分析法相结合,建立了新增耕地质量评价体系。分别对经过土地开发整理前后不同整理措施和不同整理年限的新增耕地土壤理化性质及新增耕地质量进行研究。研究结果:（1）从耕地的功能出发,采用耕地土壤本底因素、田间措施、防护措施等指标构建了新增耕地质量评价体系。该体系操作性强,可作为太行山低山丘陵东部粮果间作生态指标区内衡量新增耕地质量的一把尺子,在很大程度上能够保证山丘区土地开发整理中新增耕地质量。（2）土壤肥力作为影响耕地质量的重要因素,在两种类型的梯田整理措施中,与土坎梯田相比,生物坎梯田能明显提高土壤肥力。随着耕作时间的延长,在相同的耕作措施和投入水平下,土壤肥力有增高的趋势。耕地质量有提高趋势。经测算,随着土地开发整理年限增长,生物坎梯田土地综合指数年均增长为6.85%,土坎梯田年均增长5.00%,而坡耕地年均下降2.58%。说明开发整理成梯田在五年内耕地质量是不断改善,耕地质量逐年增加,生物坎梯田增加程度高于土坎梯田;坡耕地耕地质量是下降的,下降幅度为年均2.58%。刚开发整理之后的耕地由于耕作层被扰动,影响了土壤肥力,从而使土壤质量下降。（3）通过实证研究表明,在相同耕作条件下,单位标准粮产量和耕地质量综合指数具有较好的相关性,随着耕地质量的提高,单位标准粮产量呈现增长的趋势,说明所构建的评价体系能够客观的评价新增耕地质量。引入标准样地作为耕地占补平衡新增耕地质量最高值,应用新增耕地质量评价体系对新增耕地质量做分等处理,得到耕地质量为:90≤C_ij≤100—九等地;80≤C_ij＜90—八等地;70≤C_ij＜80—七等地;60≤C_ij＜70—六等地。（4）山丘区区别于平原区,在建立新增耕地质量评价体系时应具有针对性。评价体系中耕地防护措施因子的应用很好地体现了该因素在可持续性方面提高耕地质量的贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,ecological area located in the northern section of the Taihang Mountains where types of winter wheat-summer maize with two crops a year are planted is selected as the object to research.In the selected region,small drainage area in Tai ping shan,County of Tang is selected to study.Taking exploiting and developing the grassland into cultivated land as an example,I select biological ridge and soil ridge,two types of terrace,to analyze the influencing factors on quality of the additional cultivated land in accordance with the relevant theories and principles and the theory of productivity without lowering in the Cultivated land requisition-compensation balance.By combining experiment data and statistics,coupled with the application statistical analysis software and Delphi-AHP,Quality Evaluation System has been established to study the physical and chemical properties of soil and the quality of additional farmland,respectively against different measures and different farming period before and after land exploitation and consolidation.Results of the research:（1）Setting out from the function of arable land,Quality Evaluation System.for new farmland is established with the assistance of soil background factor,field measures,farmland protection measures and health status indicators.The operational system can be used as a new ruler of the ecological area located in the northern section of the Taihang Mountains where types of winter wheat-summer maize with two crops a year are planted,which will ensure the quality of new farmland under exploitation and consolidation in hilly areas to a large extent.（2）In comparison with terrace of soil ridge,terrace of biological ridge can significantly improve soil fertility.With the time of farming extending,there will be an increasing trend towards soil fertility under the same farming measures and level of investment.by estimated, with the growth of time land development terrace of biological ridge Composite Index increase by an average of 6.85%,the average annual growth of terrace of soil ridge 5.00%,and an average annual decline of terraced fields 2.58%.The development and consolidation into terraced fields within five years is to continuously improve the quality of farmland,the quality of farmland has increased year by year,an increase of terrace of biological ridge level higher than terrace of soil ridge;sloping land quality is declining,the average annual rate of decline of 2.58%.After finishing the newly developed farmland because of the plow layer disturbed, arable land as a new balance of the highest quality farmland values,the quality of farmland evaluation of the new system on the new classification,the quality of farmland do with the quality of farmland to be:90≤C_ij≤100 -Class 9,80≤C_ij＜90 -Class 8,70≤C_ij＜80-Class 7, 60≤C_ij＜70-Class 6.（4）Hilly areas differ from the plain areas;pertinence should be considered when Quality Evaluation System for new cultivated land is establishing.The application of protection measures for arable land has demonstrated excellent contribution to sustainability in aspect of improving the quality of farmland.更多还原