【作者】 张丽华；

【导师】 温树敏； 刘桂茹；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 麦红吸浆虫（Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin）是危害小麦生产的重要害虫之一,属于世界性爆发害虫。在我国各大麦区均有发生,已成为影响和限制小麦稳产和高产的一大障碍。化学防治麦红吸浆虫虽有一定成效,但耗费大量的人力、物力,而且还会造成环境污染。培育和推广抗虫品种是防治麦红吸浆虫最经济、有效、安全的途径。对小麦品种抗麦红吸浆虫基因进行定位和分子标记研究,可为小麦抗虫育种提供分子辅助选择方法,是提高小麦抗麦红吸浆虫育种效率的重要基础工作。本研究利用“冀麦24×石4185”组合的F_2:3家系,通过抗虫鉴定与分子检测,对从该组合F₂群体筛选的冀麦24抗麦红吸浆虫基因标记进行了可用性验证。同时,对该组合F_3:4家系的主要农艺性状如:抽穗期、开花期、株高、株穗数、小穗数、主穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、成熟期和旗叶面积等进行了调查,并通过分子检测确定了不同F_3:4株行的抗虫特点,利用Excel软件对小麦抗虫性状（标记）与主要农艺性状的相关性进行了分析。主要结果如下:1.利用亲本及F_2:3抗、感极端类型株构建的两个极端类型池对课题组已筛选出的抗麦红吸浆虫标记引物Xgwm537、Xgwm400、Xgwm46、Xbarc176和Xgwm302进行分子检测,其中引物Xgwm537、Xgwm400、Xgwm46、Xbarc176表现出稳定的多态性。2.通过区间作图法检测到的QTL位点与课题组上年度已筛选到的位点相近,加性效应为16.83,显性效应为-17.31,最大似然值为76.7,可以解释22%的变异率。抗虫基因距离Xgwm400约5.0cM,距离Xgwm46约21.0cM。验证了与抗虫基因位点相近的抗虫标记引物是Xgwm537、Xgwm400和Xgwm46,可以作为该基因的辅助选择标记。3.对300个F_2:3家系种植的F_3:4株系进行了主要农艺性状调查和利用抗虫标记引物进行分子检测,利用Excel软件,在F_3:4调查的10个农艺性状中,穗长、千粒重和旗叶面积与抗虫标记达到显著相关,穗长与三个标记的相关系数分别为-0.17、-0.18和-0.17,都达到极显著水平;旗叶面积与标记Xgwm537和Xgwm400呈显著相关,相关系数均为-0.12;千粒重与标记Xgwm46呈显著相关,相关系数为-0.12。其他性状与标记之间相关不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin is a destructive and worldwide outbreak pest of wheat. It occurrs in all the major wheat growing areas in China, and has become the main obstacle of stable and high-yielding of wheat.Thought chemical control maked some success, it spends a lot of manpower and material resources, and causeing environmental pollution. Breeding and popularizing resistance cultivars has been proved the most effective, economical and environmental safe method. It will be usefull to molecular marker-assisted selection to locate the resistant gene and study on molecular-marker. It is also an important basic work to improve breeding efficiency of Sitodiplosis mosellana resistant cultivars. In this study, F_2:3 of " Jimai 24×stone 4185" were used to detect the availability of insect-resistant gene markers which screening from its F₂ generation,that detection depended on insect-resistant identification and molecular detection..At the same time, we investigated some traits from F3-4 family,including the heading stage, flowering stage, plant height, spike number per plant, spikelet number, main spike length, kernel number, grain weight, maturity, flag leaf area, etc.And identified the characteristics of insect-resistant in the each F_3:4 line by molecular detection.The relevance between insect-resistant traits of wheat and the main agronomic traits were analyzed by Excel software.The results are showed just as follows:1. SSR maker Xgwm537、Xgwm400、Xgwm46、Xbarc176 and Xgwm302 showed a strong polymorphism in F_2:3.2. Based on interval mapping, identified one QTLs of Sitodiplosis mosellana insect-resistant gene, it is similar to which have found whose dominance effect was -16.97, additive effect was 16.68, and likelihood ratio stastic was 74.3 explain 22% of the Sitodiplosis mosellana Resistance. Two markers Xgwm400 and Xgwm46 linked to this gene with the genetic distance of 5.0cM and 21.0 cM was found. Xgwm537、Xgwm400、Xgwm46 was regarded as an assistant selecting marker for the gene.3. Survey the main agronomic character of 300 F_3:4 strain, Molecular detection of this markers, Using Excel software, And insect-resistant markers to achieve significant correlation with panicle length, grain weight and flag leaf area, Panicle length correlation coefficient of the three markers were -0.17, -0.18, -0.17, is extremely significant; Flag leaf area and the two markers Xgwm537 and Xgwm400 was significantly related,was -0.12; only with Xgwm46 grain weight was significantly related,was -0.12.Other traits and markers are negative correlation and was not significant.更多还原