【作者】 高艳霞；

【导师】 王益文；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2009， 硕士

【副题名】来自视听跨通道的ERP证据

【摘要】 抑制(inhibition)是主体的一个主动压抑的过程,是指把与任务无关的信息从工作记忆中排除出去,它是额叶执行功能的重要组成部分,与推理他人心理的社会认知有关。研究采用采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术探讨了听觉持续作业任务和视听跨通道干扰任务下14名10-11岁儿童(8男6女)的听觉反应抑制的神经机制和视听信息干扰抑制的神经机制。通过研究发现:1、在听觉反应抑制研究中,NoGo任务需要被试进行反应抑制,Go和NoGo两种任务诱发了明显的LNC,NoGo任务的波幅明显负向大于Go任务的波幅。此外,在顶枕部脑区可以看到明显的N2成分,而且NoGo-N2的波幅明显负向大于Go-N2的波幅。脑地形图结果显示,儿童反应抑制主要与额区、中央区和部分顶枕叶脑区的负激活有关。N2成分可能反映了冲突监测,LNC可能反映了反应抑制的过程。2、在视听信息干扰抑制研究中,不一致条件进行干扰抑制,其反应时显著长于一致条件。P1不一致条件的波幅显著大于一致条件,可能揭示了知觉到探测刺激与干扰刺激的关系。N2和N3是主要分布于额叶区域的负成分,不一致条件的波幅显著负向大于一致条件。N2成分可能反映了冲突监测,N3成分可能反映了对干扰刺激的抑制。本研究为儿童视听干扰抑制提供了神经电生理学的初步证据。综合上述研究发现,不同类型的抑制具有不同的具体的脑机制。此外,两个研究均证实了除额区外,顶枕部脑区在儿童抑制加工中具有非常重要的作用,这也证实了头皮后部脑区参与抑制以补偿尚未成熟的额叶尤其是前额叶。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inhibition refers to the subject of "an active process of suppression, excluding the non-relevant information of task from working memory " , it is an important part of the executive functions of the frontal lobe, it is related to reasoning of others on the psychology of social cognition. The ERP studies used auditory continuous performa- nce test (CPT) and audio-visual cross-modal interference task researched the neural basis of audio response inhibition and audio-visual information inhibition, and the participants were 14 children (8 boys and 6 girls) aged from 10 to 11. From the research we found that:1、In the audio response inhibition study, the results showed that, NoGo task required subjects to carry out response inhibition, Go and NoGo tasks evoked clear LNC, the amplitude of NoGo task was more negative than the Go task. In addition, we could clearly saw N2 component in parietal-occipital brain regions, and the NoGo-N2 amplitude was significantly greater than Go-N2 amplitude negatively. The scalp topography showed that children’s response inhibition mainly negative activated frontal lobe、central area and part of parietal-occipital regions. response execution mainly activated frontal lobe and central regions. N2 component may reflects conflict monitoring , LNC may reflects the process of response inhibition. 2、In the audio-visual information inhibition study, incongruent conditions required subjects to interference inhibition, and the reaction time of incongruent conditions was significantly longer than the congruent conditions. The P1 amplitude of incongruent conditions was greater than the congruent conditions, that may revealed subjects perceived the relationship of probe stimulus and interference stimulus. N2 and N3 were mainly distributed in the frontal region of negative components, the amplitude of incongruent conditions was more negative than the congruent conditions. N2 component may reflects conflict monitoring , N3 component probably reflects the inhibition of interference stimulus. The study provides a neural electrophysiology prima facie evidence for children’s audio-visual interference inhibition.From the above studies we found that different types of inhibition had different specific brain mechanisms. In addition, the two studies had confirmed that the parietal-occipital brain regions played a very important role in children’s inhibition processing, which also confirmed the scalp posterior brain areas involved in inhibition to compensate the immature frontal lobe in particular the prefrontal cortex.更多还原