三聚氯氰高盐废水生化处理技术研究

【作者】 张波；

【导师】 郭笃发； 李捍东；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国工业化进程的加快,诸多生产领域会产生高含盐废水,如印染、造纸、化工、农药、采油、海产品加工等,此类废水通常会含有高浓度有机污染物,直接排放对环境造成严重污染。高含盐有机废水因盐分对普通微生物的毒害作用而不适于直接采用常规生物处理,而现有的处理方法（如电渗析、反渗透）则存在能耗高、经济效益差的缺点。因此,如何实现高盐有机废水的有效治理是当前的难点之一。为寻求合理、有效的高盐有机废水处理途径,本研究以盐度极高、且含有难降解有机污染物的三氯氯氰生产废水为研究对象,考察了高盐有机废水生物处理的可行性。在调研大量国内外技术和资料基础上,参考国内外近年来含盐有机废水治理新技术和工艺,结合我国现有高盐废水处理存在的问题,采用投加复合嗜盐菌剂强化处理三氯氯氰高盐有机废水的方法。首先分离筛选出既适应高盐环境、又高效降解有机污染物的嗜盐菌株,并复合培养为嗜盐菌剂。然后对影响复合嗜盐菌剂生长的环境因素、营养因素以及嗜盐菌剂降解高盐废水TOC的性能进行了研究。最后利用中试试验考察了复合嗜盐菌剂对三氯氯氰生产废水生化处理的强化作用,重点对嗜盐菌剂加快反应器启动速率以及改善系统对污染物的处理效果进行了研究。本文取得的主要研究成果为:1.从多处高盐环境中采集到的混合污泥中,分离筛选出多株既能适应高盐环境又能高效降解有机物的嗜盐菌。基于提高菌株的稳定性、多样性、发挥菌株间的共生作用、增加菌株在高盐环境降解有机物的效率的目的,将单一菌株复合培养为菌剂。2.考察了环境因素与营养因素对菌剂生长的影响,其结论可指导菌剂的扩大培养。主要结论为:（1）温度35℃、pH值8.5、转速为120rpm为好氧复合嗜盐菌剂生长的最佳环境;温度38℃、pH值8.5为厌氧复合嗜盐菌剂生长的最佳环境。温度与pH值对厌氧及好氧嗜盐菌剂生长的影响均显著。（2）通过单因素试验以及正交试验考察了Gibbons培养基中碳源、氮源的不同含量以及K⁺、Mg²⁺无机盐对复合嗜盐菌剂生长的影响。结果表明,每100mL培养基中酵母浸膏0.8g、蛋白胨0.6g、KCl 0.25g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.5g为好氧复合嗜盐菌剂生长的最佳营养条件。3.进行了嗜盐菌剂对试验废水中TOC降解性能的试验研究,旨在为后续的中试试验提供技术支持。主要结论为:（1）为使生物处理系统达到较高的处理效率,生物系统的进水温度、pH值应分别控制在35℃、8.5左右。（2）生物系统进水有机负荷应控制在300～400 mg/L;复合嗜盐菌剂强化处理三聚氯氰生产废水过程中菌悬液的投加比例应为30L/m³左右;利用复合嗜盐菌剂处理三聚氯氰生产废水过程中应向废水投加适量KCl,以维持嗜盐菌的高活性。4.利用中试试验考察了嗜盐菌剂对AF反应器启动的促进作用及对生物处理工艺的改善作用。旨在为今后三聚氯氰生产废水生物处理的工程化以及其它高盐有机废水的生物处理的可行性提供理论与实践基础。主要结论为:（1）通过好氧预挂膜和接种厌氧嗜盐菌剂,可成功实现处理高盐废水厌氧反应器的快速启动,70d内就完成了启动过程。（2）投加高效复合嗜盐菌剂能够有效改善系统对TOC的去除效果,去除率由投菌前的50%左右提高至70%以上。（3）三聚氯氰生产废水生物处理是完全可行的,如果其能够推广应用必将能够产生巨大的环保与社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China’s industrialization process accelerated, many industrial fields produced high-salinity wastewater, such as dyeing, papermaking, chemical production, pesticides, oil, seafood processing, such wastewater contained high concentration of organic pollutants normally, and direct discharge can cause serious environmental pollution. High-salinity organic wastewater was not applicable to biological treatment because of the poisoning effect. Nowadays, the existing methods such as electrodialysis or reverse osmosis were disadvantage due to the high energy consumption and the bad economic. How to achieve high-salinity organic wastewater successful treatment was one of the difficulties. In this study, Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater was used as research subject to find reasonable and effective treatment channels, which contained high concentration of organic pollutants and NaCl. At the foundation on the survey of technology and information at home and abroad, reference the new technologies about the high-salinity organic wastewater treatment at home and abroad in recent years, combined with our existing problems, adoption enhanced treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater by complex halophilic bacteria. First of all, bacteria were isolated from the environment, which adapted to high salt and degrade organic pollutants efficiently, and was complexly cultivated to complex bacteria. The second, the impact of environmental factors and nutritional factors on the growth of complex halophilic was researched, as well as the degradation of TOC. Finally, complex halophilic bacteria were used to the enhanced treatment of Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater, with emphasis on accelerated halophilic bacteria to speed-up rate of the anaerobic reactor startup rate and improved the system to deal with the effect of pollutants was studied.The main results are as follows:1. Many bacteria isolated from mixed sludge, which adapted to high salt and degrade organic pollutants efficiently. Bacteria were complexly cultivated to complex bacteria in order to improve the stability as well as diversity, and improve t efficiency of the degradation of organic compounds.2. The impact of environmental factors and nutritional factors on the growth of complex halophilic bacteria was studied. The conclusions were used to guide the expansion of complex bacteria. The main conclusions are as follows:（1） Complex halophilic aerobic bacteria glowed best When Temperature, pH , rotation speed were 35℃, 8.5, 120rpm, respectively. complex halophilic anaerobic bacteria glowed best when Temperature, pH were 38℃, 8.5, respectively. Temperature and pH had an significant affect on the growth of anaerobic and aerobic halophilic bacteria.（2） The impact of medium carbon source, nitrogen source, as well as the different content of K⁺, Mg²⁺ on the growth of complex halophilic bacteria was investigated through single factor test and orthogonal test. The results show that the composite for every 100mL medium contained yeast extract 0.8g, peptone 0.6g, KCl 0.25g, MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.5g was the best nutritional condition for halophilic bacteria.3. The experimental studies about the degradation of TOC were designed to provide technical support for the later pilot-test follow-up. The main conclusions are as follows:（1） The temperature of Anaerobic process and aerobic process should be maintained at 35℃, The pH of biological system influent should be controlled at 8.5 ,respectively.（2） the organic load of Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater which had been treated by the pretreatment should be controlled at 300 - 400 mg / L; the proportion of investment for halophilic bacteria should be around 30L/m³; throwing quantificational KCl to Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater in order to maintain the high activity of halophilic bacteria.4. The effect of complex halophilic bacteria on the start-up of anaerobic reactor and the bioaugmentation in the biological treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater was studied through a Pilot-scale experiment, what Designed for Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater bioaugmentation engineering construction, as well as the feasibility of other high-salinity organic wastewater bioaugmentation, to provide basic theory and practical and academic foundation.The main conclusions are as follows:（1） The start-up of the anaerobic reactor can be accelerated （to the point where the period limits to 70 days） by adding complex halophilic bacteria.（2） The removal of TOC by the biochemical system was greatly improved （from 50% to70%） after the adding of complex halophilic bacteria.（3） It was entirely feasible for Cyanuric Chloride High-Salinity Wastewater bioaugmentation, and its application would be able to generate enormous environmental protection and social benefits.更多还原