【作者】 段慧平；

【导师】 齐善忠；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱区主要由山地、荒漠和绿洲这三大系统组成,绿洲是其中之一,是干旱区特有的地理景观。绿洲从其产生以来无时无刻不在发展着、变化着,不停地在稳定与不稳定之间相互转化,其变化发展主要是由于水—土壤—气候—植被—人类活动等绿洲组成要素之间发生显著变化,以及土地利用方式的变更,进而引起绿洲的生态环境及其稳定性的改变。经过上个世纪几十年的开发建设,我国西北干旱区的绿洲面积大幅度扩大。绿洲作为干旱区人类生产生活的主要场所,成为人们进一步向荒漠、山区开拓的根据地。但是部分地区绿洲也出现了严重荒漠化、盐渍化等问题,这对人们的生产生活产生了较大的影响,严重危及绿洲的稳定以及其内部人类生存的环境。随着各国科学家对全球变化研究的深入和发展,土地利用与覆被变化研究已成为其中研究的热点之一。全球气候的变化影响到土地利用,改变了土地覆被,使得某些地区土地利用方式和耕作制度发生变化,某些地区出现严重的土地荒漠化。可见,土地利用与土地覆被变化研究在全球环境变化中具有极其重要的意义。而在干旱地区,土地利用与覆被变化是其生态环境变化的一个重要的影响因子,土地利用和覆被变化的发展,对于干旱区绿洲的存在和发展及其稳定性都会产生重要的影响,因此要深入研究绿洲,必须同时对土地利用与覆被变化进行研究。本文所研究的区域为金塔绿洲,位于中国西北地区典型的温带干旱区。论文主要是利用卫星遥感影像和GIS技术分析评价近15年(1988～2003年)来,该绿洲土地利用的动态变化,并深入分析了土地利用变化与绿洲环境之间的相互关系。金塔绿洲土地利用类型分为六大类,分别为耕地、林地、草地、水域、城镇建设用地及未利用土地。研究结果表明,耕地、城镇建设用地和未利用土地显著增加:耕地面积增大了30.03 km2,城镇建设用地扩大了13.35 km2,未利用土地面积扩大了15.52 km2;而草地和林地面积急速下降,分别下降了58.06 km2和1.76 km2。由于研究区域内土地利用类型发生了明显的变化,从而导致了严重的环境退化问题,诸如土地荒漠化,地下水位下降等。在此基础上,分析了金塔绿洲土地利用的变化趋势及其原因,以及由于土地变化所引起的环境问题;分析了在20世纪80年代末期到21世纪初期土地利用变化情况,以期对绿洲生态系统的稳定性和干旱区的可持续发展起到一定的借鉴作用,而且对绿洲的进一步深入研究,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本研究内容一共分为六个部分,即:第一部分是绪论,主要阐述选题背景、研究意义等理论内容;第二部分是数据来源、研究方法和技术路线;第三部分是金塔绿洲概况介绍,主要从自然条件和社会经济方面阐述;第四部分是金塔绿洲的土地利用变化分析,这也是本论文的重点之处;第五部分是金塔绿洲土地利用变化带来的环境影响;第六部分是结论、建议与不足,主要阐述研究结果及其对干旱区绿洲可持续发展的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Arid area mainly consists of the mountain, desert and oasis. The oasis, which is one of these three systems, is an unique geographical landscape in arid area. The oasis have developed unceasingly, and kept transformational between stability and instability since the time of its generation. Its development was mainly due to the significant change among the constituent elements, such as the water - soil - vegetation climate - human activities, as well as changes in land use patterns. These cause the ecological environment and stability changes in the oasis area.For decades of development and construction in last century, the oasis area in arid northwestern China is of significant expansion and is the main place for humanity production and life, which has become the base for humanity further to open up the desert and the mountains. But in some areas, there have been serious problems in oasis eco-systerm, that is, desertification, salinization and so on. These have the significant influence to the production of people’s livelihood, and seriously endangered the stability of the oasis and its internal environment of human existence.With the depth and development of the global change research, the study on land use and cover change has become one of the hot issues. The global climate change has impact to the land use, changes the land cover, disturbs the land use patterns in farming systems. In some areas, land use changes also have given rise to serious land desertification. This shows that land use and land cover change is extremely important in the global environmental change. In arid areas, land use and cover change is an important influence factor to its eco-environmental changes. Land use and cover change will have a significant impact to the development and the existence of oasis, as well as its stability. So, in order to do more in-depth study on the oasis, it is necessary for us to carry out the researches for land use and cover change.This paper takes Jinta Oasis as the study area, which located in the typical temperate arid zone of Northwest China. The objective of this study is to develop technology for analysising and asessing the dynamic changes of the oasis land use for the past 15 years (1988-2003) through the satellite remote sensing images and GIS. It is also for mining and extracting the relationship between land use change and the oasis environment. Land use in Jinta Oasis are divided into six types, namely, cropland, forestland, grassland, water area, urban or built-up land and unused land. The results showed that cropland, urban or built-up land and unused land has increased significantly: the area of cropland increased by 30.03 km2, urban or built-up land by 13.35 km2, unused land by 15.52 km2; but the area of grassland and forestland declined rapidly, which decreased by 58.06 km2 and 1.76 km2, respectively. Due to the land use changed dramatically in the Jinta Oasis, it caused some serious problems of environmental degradation, such as land desertification, declining of groundwater levels. Based on above these, the tendency, causes of land use change and environmental problems caused by land use change were analysed. These also give an analysis of land use change from the end of the 80’s in the 20th century to the early 21st century. It not only give a view of the oasis ecosystem stability and sustainable development in arid areas, but also has important theoretical value and practical significance for further study of the oasis.The content of this study is divided into six parts: The first part is the preface, which describes the background of the main topic, the significance of research and so on; The second part mainly introduces the research methods and writing routes; The third part is an overview of Jinta Oasis, including its natural conditions and socio-economic situation; The land use change of Jinta Oasis is analyzed in the fourth part, which is the focus of the thesis; The fifth part analyses the change of land use in Jinta Oasis resulting to environmental impacts; The sixth part is the last part of the study, containing the conclusions, recommendations and shortcomings, which concludes the research findings and some suggestions for the sustainable development of oasis in Arid areas of China are put forward in this paper.更多还原