【作者】 胡莹莹；

【导师】 喻大华；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 清朝末年是个多事之秋,天灾人祸迭起,外加欧风美雨的笼罩,在这个复杂的社会环境中孕育而出的“迁都”问题,是必有着纷繁复杂的成因。概而言之,随着民族融合,以北京为都的民族战略意义渐小;北京所在地区自然情况的恶化;以京为都的行政成本过高;近代以来北京战略弱点日见突出;晚清改革政治的需要。定都是中国历代王朝极其重视之事,关乎王朝的命运和国家的长治久安,迁都亦然。迁都的策动者必有政治与经济的欲求,而既得利益者则可能有所失,因此,围绕国都的迁变必引起各种争论,而争论主要有赞成和反对两种观点。晚清迁都的争论集中于列强对中国进行侵略的两次战争期间,即第二次鸦片战争和甲午中日战争,赞成派和反对派各据己益展开争论。而在主张迁都的建议中,由于各自着眼点的差异提出了不同的迁都地址,即西安、太原、上海。此外,戴鸿慈、洪良品、康有为等还提出了建立陪都的主张。清朝末年围绕迁都的争论,双方的唇枪舌战不可谓不激烈、不雄辩,可是,最终裁定大权掌握于清政府的统治者手中,在其利害权衡下,决定都城终不能迁移,领土终得割让,这场争论也随之偃旗息鼓了。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Qing Dynasty last years was an eventful time .The nature and man-made diaster occurs repeatedly, sur-occidental ways occuring, in this complex social environment breeds, but the problem of“Moving the capital”, must have the complex origin. In brief, Fuses along with the nationality, was gradually small taking Beijing as the nationality strategic sense; Beijing area natural situation worsening; as the administrative cost was excessively high in Beijing; since the modern times Beijing strategy weakness had highlighted day after day; latter Qing Dynasty reformed povitics need. Established the capital city was the Chinese all previous dynasties which took the matter extremely, concerned the dynasty the destiny and the national long-term peace and good government, moved the capital also however. Moving the capital instigates must have povitical and economical desive, but the vested interest possibly had loses, therefore, must make each kind of argument regarding the national capital changes, but argued that mainly had approves and opposes two viewpoints. The latter Qing Dynasty moved the capital the argument concentrates in the big powers carried on the aggression to China two duration of war, namely the second opiun war and the armor noon the Sion-Japanese war, approved that sends according to benefit respectively with the oppsition faction launches the argument. But moving the capital in the position in suggestion, because the respective objective pointed difference proposed different the capital the adress. That was xian, Tai Yuan, Shanghai.Moreover, DaiHongci, HongLiangpin, KangYouwei and so on proposed establishes the attornative capital the position. The Qing Dynasy regarding the argument which moved the capital. The bilateral lip gun vorbal battle not was no last years intense, not convincing argument, but, rules the power authority to grasp finally in Qing government’s ruler hand, under its fierce banlance, decided that the capital city cannot migrate, finally, the territory cession, this argument also ceased all activity finally along with it.更多还原