【作者】 张爱平；

【导师】 张华；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】以科尔沁沙地为例

【摘要】 科尔沁沙地为典型的半干旱农牧交错区,是我国北方生态脆弱带的重要组成部分。近年来,由于气候变异和人类的不合理活动,科尔沁沙地生态系统潜在的沙漠化脆弱性已转变为现实的环境灾害,严重制约了该地区社会、经济和生态环境的协调发展。本文在概述生态系统服务功能的定义、内涵以及国内外研究进展的基础上,基于科尔沁沙地主体区域1995、2000年两期的土地利用图形数据,以Mapinfo和SPSS软件为技术支持手段,应用谢高地等人制定的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表,对研究区土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值及环境效应进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:1、1995~2000年5年间,科尔沁沙地耕地面积增加了210628.38hm2,增幅为5.98%,其它地类均呈不同程度减少,其中未利用地面积减少了145515.92hm2,减幅最大,为10.54%,其次城乡工矿与居民用地减少10737.24hm2,减幅为3.40%,林地减少38414.36hm2,减幅为2.24%,水域减少4208.18hm2,减幅为1.49%,湿地减少2251.33hm2,减幅为0.73%,草地减少9503.55 hm2,减幅为0.13%。2、1995~2000年5年间,科尔沁沙地的生态服务总价值由1291.69×108元增至1293.04×108元,增加了1.35×108元,增幅为0.10 %,平均每年增加了0.27×108元。其各种地类生态服务价值的变化幅度与土地利用结构的变化幅度相同,亦耕地的生态价值显著增加,增幅5.97%;其他地类的生态价值均呈不同程度减少,以未利用地、林地和水域生态服务价值较为突出,减幅依次为10.53%、2.24%、1.48%;草地与湿地的生态系统服务价值变化甚微,减幅分别为0.13%和0.73%。3、研究区各旗县生态服务价值变化的区域差异性很大。表现为凡是将草地和林地开垦为耕地的旗县,其生态服务价值呈下降趋势,以科左后旗、敖汉旗、翁牛特旗和林西县尤为突出。而荒漠化得以合理治理,并向优化土地利用类型转化的旗县,生态价值均呈增加趋势,如扎鲁特旗(含霍林郭勒市)。因此研究区实施退耕还林还草和合理播耕,是控制生态系统沙漠化扩展、加强生态系统稳定性及抗逆能力的重要措施,是提高北方农牧交错带生态系统服务功能及价值的有效途径,也是今后该研究区生态工程建设的首要任务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Content: The Horqin sandy land was a typical semiarid farming-pastoral area, which was an important part of ecologically fragile zone in the north of China. In recent years, as a result of the climate variation and humanity’s unreasonable activity, the latent ecosystem desertification vulnerability of Horqin sand has transformed to the real environment disaster, seriously restricted development coordinating with the local society, the economical and ecological environment. Based on land utilization graphic data of the main region of Horqin sand in 1995 and 2000, this article apply the Chinese Land Ecosystem unit area service value table formulated by xie gaodi et al., which has presented ecosystem service function’s definition, the connotation as well as the research development in home and abroad and studied the ecosystem service value and the environment effect which caused by land utilization change, taking Mapinfo and the SPSS software as the technical supporting method. The findings indicated:1、From 1995 to 2000,the cultivated land of Horqin sand increased 210628.38hm2, the amplification is 5.98%, other kinds showed decrease in different extent, the unused area reduced 145515.92 hm2, the weakening was 10.54% which was biggest, secondly the industry and mining and the resident land reduced 10737.24 hm2, the weakening was 3.40%, the forest land reduced 38414.36 hm2, the weakening was 2.24%, the water reduced 4208.18 hm2, the range was 1.49%, the wetland reduced 2251.33 hm2, the range was 0.73%, the lawn reduced 9503.55 hm2, the range was 0.13%.2、From 1995 to 2000, the ecology total value of the Horqin sand increased 1.35×108 Yuan from 1291.69×108 Yuan to 1293.04×108 Yuan, the amplification was 0.10%, increased 0.27×108 Yuan every year in average. The ecology service value’s change scope was the same as the land utilization structure’s change scope, also the ecological value of cultivated land obviously increased with the range as 5.97%; other kinds of ecological value assumed decrease in different degree, the ecology service value of unused land, forest land and water were more prominent, the range was 10.53%, 2.24%, 1.48% in turn; the lawn and the wetland had no obvious change, with the range as 0.13% and 0.73%, respectively.3、The ecological value of the cownty was greatly different from region to region in the research area. Its ecology service value assumed the declining trend which the lawn and the forest land for the farming, especially for Kezuohou banner, Aohan banner, Wengniiute banner and Linxi County. But the ecological value of the banner which transformed to the optimization land utilization type and the desertification was governed reasonably assumed to increaseing tendency, as the Zhalute banner (including Huolinguole).Therefore, in the research area which implements the returning of farmland to forest as well as grass and broadcasts reasonably are important measure in prevent the ecosystem desertification from expanding, to strengthen the ecosystem stability and the resistance ability, and was an efficient path to enhance ecosystem service function value in the farming-pastoral area of north, it was also the most important task of ecological engineering construction in this research area.更多还原