环保领域的公民参与研究

【作者】 车邱彦；

【导师】 邹东升；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 行政管理， 2009， 硕士

【副题名】以重庆地区为例

【摘要】 目前我国环境保护的形势十分严峻,有限的环境承载力下各类事故造成的环境污染突发事件层出不穷。部分地区的环境污染日趋严重,威胁了居民的生存权。因此在一些地方由环境污染导致的群体性事件逐渐升级,不论是数量还是规模都呈现出增长的势头,公民参与活动亦展现出规模化、组织化的特点。一方面怒江争坝、厦门PX落户争议等公民参与环境保护的行动展示了公众在保护环境方面的巨大力量。另一方面这些民间参与行动也展示了参与者为了提升行动效果,获得双赢目的而在公民参与活动实践中追求有序参与的自觉。研究环保领域的公民参与问题有着重大的现实意义和理论意义。它是对环境保护与经济协调发展难题的有效破解,是对当前环境保护领域日益增加的群体性事件解决之道的有益探索,有助于保护环境,拓展“参与式民主”的空间。它对激活公民维护自身权利的权利意识,健全民主制度,丰富民主形式,壮大公民社会、促进社会治理有着积极的意义。本文运用公民参与理论、生态理论、治理理论等,对我国现阶段环保领域的公民参与进行了系统的归纳分类和较为深入的分析讨论,认为目前我国存在主体多元,形式多样的公民参与,而参与主体的组织化程度和参与方式的制度化程度是影响参与效果的两个根本因素。根据重庆地区的公民参与实践,总结出推进公民参与的路径,即在宏观层面,由政府推进环保参与的制度安排,在微观层面,由环保NGO整合公众利益,突破环保难题。笔者认为本文的创新主要表现为:第一,研究视角的独特性。即以组织化程度和制度化程度双重维度出发,研究环保领域的公民参与行为;第二,研究方法的创新。通过系统的理论研究、规范研究,以丰富的案例为基础、理论与实践相结合,深入分析环保领域公民参与的诸多现实问题,阐释解决问题的创新途径和对策思路。第三,研究视角的多元化。从多视角考察公民参与对环保事务管理的行为以何种方式何种机理,在深层次产生了哪些影响。本文研究立足于现实,着眼于未来,从个案着手分析研究我国环保领域公民参与的新特点、新问题,从而揭示规律,寻求对我国公民参与环境保护的革新,有助于拓展未来公民参与公共事务治理的制度空间,具有一定的创新意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently,environmental situation in China is extremely grim.Under the limited environmental carrying capacity,sudden environment contamination cases caused by various types of accidents emerge in endlessly.In some areas,environmental contamination becomes more and more serious which threaten the right of living of residents.Therefore,in some places,group cases caused by environmental contamination gradually upgrade,both scale and quantity are showing growth,citizens participation activities caused by environmental contamination show the characteristics of enlargement of scale and systematization.On the one hand,the activities such as Nu river dam dispute and PX event in Xiamen show the great strength of public in environmental protection,on the other hand,these citizens participation activities show that participants pursuit the conscious of orderly participation in order to enhance the effectiveness of actions and access the win-win purpose.Research on citizen participation in environmental protection has great practical and theoretical significance.It can crack the problem of coordinated development of environment and economic and explore the solution to the growing group cases in the field of environmental protection.It can help protect the environment,expand the space of "participatory democracy",activate the public awareness of defending their rights,perfect democratic system and enrich the forms of democracy.It has active significance to expansion of civil society and promotion of social governance.On the basis of citizen participation theory,ecological theory and management theory, this paper makes a in-depth analysis and a systematic classification on citizen participation in environment protection in current China.The author thinks that at present,citizen participation in China has multi-subjects and various forms,systematization of subjects and approaches of institutionalization are two fundamental factors which influence the effect of participation.The level of systematization and institutionalization is closely related to the social risk in activities,the public’s satisfaction with environmental protection and the influence of environmental policies made by the government.Thus,this paper summaries the acts of citizen participation in four models,summarizes the characteristics,influencing factors,participation effects and related institutions under different models.By the means of making study on the actual operation of citizen participation in environmental protection work in Chongqing,the research aims at analysis the application in practice under four models,search for effective participation model of citizen participation in the field of environment,providing effective skills and strategies for participants in order to raise the level of games between participants and the government. Finally,drawing the advanced experience of citizen participation in western countries, combining with the practice in our country,the author gives some suggestions about citizen participation in the field of environmental protection in China.The author thinks the innovations of this paper mainly include:First,unique perspective. From the dimensions of systematization and institutionalization,the author makes a study on citizen participation in the field of environmental protection.Second,innovative research methods.On the basis of theoretical study and normative study,the author gives an account of many cases,combines theories with practice,puts various types of data as a reference,makes an in-depth analysis-on many actual problems of citizen participation in environmental protection and explains the innovative approaches and countermeasures to solution and improvement.Third,diversity of perspectives.From various perspectives,the author makes a study on the influence of citizen participation on environmental protection management,in which way,in which mechanism,and what are the effects.The research of this paper are based on reality and focuses on the future,by the means of analysis on the cases,the author makes a study on the new characteristics and new problems of citizen participation in environmental protection in China,in order to reveal a regular pattern and seek for the innovation of citizen participation in environmental protection in China.This can help expand the institutional space of citizen participation in public affairs and have some innovative significance.更多还原