【作者】 张妍；

【导师】 梁建平；

【作者基本信息】 山西财经大学 ， 经济法， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 关联交易是伴随着公司制企业的发展和以公司为连接点的各种利益主体之间利益关系而产生的一种较为复杂的经济现象,本身存在具有客观的不可避免的性质,对其加以简单地一概禁止或是不合理的,也是不可能的;但是关联交易的客观性与不可避免性并不代表其具有当然的公平性与合法性;正是基于这一复杂的现实,各国学者和立法者均从规范立法、加强监管等方面入手来对关联交易行为进行规制,对于关联交易的法律控制立场实际上也均经历了由简到繁的过程,并且将争议的焦点逐渐集中于公平性问题上。我国也不例外,新修改《公司法》的一个亮点就是就对对关联关系作出明确定义,对关联交易行为进行了规范,公司法第21条明确规定:“公司的控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用其关联关系损害公司利益。”这一规定确立了规制关联交易的法律基础和原则。但是由于关联交易具有与一般商业交易不同的特殊性,受信息不对称性、公司治理结构等问题的影响,如单纯从事前完善立法、事中加强监管来规范,不仅立法、监管的成本无法估量,而且还可能产生事倍功半的结果。因此,笔者建议不妨尝试着换一种思维方式来解决关联交易引发的弊端。因为现今对关联交易的规制的焦点已逐渐集中于公正性问题上。因此,笔者建议在完善立法、加强监管的同时,将其引入司法领域,建议在我国的现阶段、利用现有的法律资源,建立起我国关联交易司法审查制度。因为司法的中立性、审慎性、严格的程序保障对于解决关联交易公平性问题上应该更能胜任。关联交易司法审查制度在相关利益主体就关联交易行为的效力提出异议时,法院可以司法介入审查判断关联交易的正当性,并通过确定非正当关联交易行为人的民事责任的方式,来防止关联交易行为的滥用,保护相关利益主体的权利。本文分五部分对关联交易司法审查作了以下具体分析。第一部分是关联交易司法审查的必要性与可行性分析。从关联交易的产生机理、立法与监管本身所衍生的问题、相关权利人的救济等方面分析了关联交易司法审查的必要性;从关联交易的法律性质、进入司法审查的程序依据与可参照的实体标准、国外的实践经验来论证了在我国的现阶段,建立关联交易司法审查的可行性。第二部分论述了关联交易的司法审查标准。虽然没有法律单独就关联交易的正当与否提供判断标准,我们仍可依相关的法律、法规就其正当与否做出较为明确的判断。并且从交易形式及内容实质上分析,关联交易实质就是一种合同行为,因此我们可用《公司法》、《证券法》、《合同法》、证监会的相关规定,从程序标准与实体标准两个方面对关联交易进行司法审查。第三部分是关于司法审查模式确立的选择。与立法的“双轨制”相适应,在对关联交易公正与否进行司法审查时,笔者主张实质审查与程序审查相结合的方式,具体问题具体分析。程序违法并不必然导致对交易效力的否定,程序合法也并未导致对交易效力的肯定。应把交易是否公正的实质性审查作为审查的重点,对交易是否公正作为判定合同效力最直接的依据。对于适用何种标准判断交易是否公正,出于对商事活动的尊重,笔者认为标准尚不能过严。第四部分论述了在司法审查时,对关联交易的行为效力如何认定的问题。鉴于以上各部分的分析,笔者认为,法院应根据法律的规定、关联交易的类型、公司章程的约定,从交易主体、意思表示、交易动机、交易行为、交易结果等几个方面对关联交易的效力作出具体评定。在主张建立关联交易司法审查制度的同时,笔者在本文的最后还对司法、立法、监管的三者关系作了简要说明。并指出要建立关联交易司法审查制度,还需许多配套制度的完善,这一进程任重而道远,尚需我们付出不懈的努力。更多还原

【Abstract】 An affiliated transaction is a more complex economic phenomenon that is accompanied by the development of corporate enterprise and arises among all kinds of profit subjects that its profit relation is at the joint company. It has the nature of objective and inevitable. It is unreasonable and also impossible to simply prohibit the affiliated transactions. But the objectivity and inevitability of affiliated transactions do not mean that it must have the fairness and legitimacy. Just for the complex reality, academics and legislators from different countries conduct the affiliated transactions from the aspect of legislation and strengthen supervision. It actually experienced from simply to complex that the standpoint of legal controlling the affiliated transactions and the disputed issue is focusing on the fairness. China is no exception. A bright spot of the new revision of the "Company Law" is that defines clearly the affiliated transactions and standardized the action of it. Article 21 of company law states: "The company’s controlling shareholders, actual controllers, directors, supervisors, senior managers may not make use of their affiliations relation to damage the corporate interests." This provision establishes the legal basis and principles that conduct the affiliated transactions.However, for the particularity of affiliated transactions that be different from the general commercial transactions, and under the effects of the information asymmetry and corporate governance structure so on, if simply perfect legislation in advance and strengthen the supervision on the process, not only lead to do not estimate the cost of legislation, oversight, but also bring the less effective results. Therefore, I suggested that it might attempt to change a way of thinking to reduce the extremity that is caused by the affiliated transactions. Because the disputed issue of standardizing the affiliated transactions, I suggest that at the same time of perfecting legislation and strengthening supervision, introduce the affiliated transactions into the field of justice. At our country’ s current stage, make use of the existing legal resources, and establish a system of judicial review of our affiliated transactions. Because of the neutrality and prudence of judicial, the strict procedures are better for settling the impartiality of affiliated transactions.When question the effectiveness of the affiliated transactions behavior, the court can intervene and censor the justness of affiliated transactions, and by identifying the injustices trading behavior’ s civil liability, prevent from abusing the affiliated transactions, and protect the right of the related profit subjects, interests of relevant subject. On Five parts of my paper, specifically analyze the judicial review of affiliated transactions as follow:The first part: Analysis the necessity and feasibility of censoring the affiliated transactions. From the problems that arising from the generation mechanism, legislation and regulatory, and the right relief so on, we can analyze the necessity of censoring the affiliated transactions. According to the legal nature of affiliated transactions, the procedure of entering into the judicial review, and the entity standards that can be reference, and the overseas practical experience, demonstrate the feasibility of establishing the judicial review of affiliated transactions. The second part: Discuss the standards of judicial review of affiliated transactions. From analysis the legal form and the substance of transactions, as a form contract, there was no separate law to offer the standard to estimate whether the affiliated transactions are legal or not. we still learn from foreign practice, according to the relevant regulation in the "Company Law" and "Securities Act", "Contract law", the provisions of the SFC, from the both sides of procedure standards and substantiality standards, make the judicial review of the affiliated transactions.The third part: Choice the model of judicial review. Be seasoned with the "two-track" of the legislation, my opinion is that combine censoring the substance with the procedure, analyze specifically the specific questions. Irregularity on procedures does not necessarily lead to negative the effects of transactions. Legality on procedures does not necessarily lead to the positive effect. Whether the transaction is fair or not should be as the emphasis of censoring substance, and look it as the most direct basis of determining the effect of contract. For grasping the depth of consorting, as respecting the commercial activities, I think that the standards are not too strict.The fourth part: Determine the effectiveness of judicial review of affiliated transactions. Unite the analysis in all former parts, according to the related law; identify the effectiveness of affiliated transactions that it is embodied on contract. As I claim that establish the regulatory of judicial review of affiliated transactions, I briefly explain that the relationship of judicial, legislative and regulatory. If establish the judicial review of affiliated transactions, there are needs to perfect the attached.更多还原