【作者】 王晓霞；

【导师】 王小萍；

【作者基本信息】 山西财经大学 ， 环境与自然保护法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 环境问题是人类迄今为止面临的最严重的问题之一。由于政府地位的特殊性,成为环境保护主体中的主导力量,其环境责任的履行直接影响环境保护的成效。近几年发生的一系列重大环境事件都与政府有关,而我国关于政府环境保护责任的法律制度规定还不健全。完善环境保护法律制度中的政府责任规定,是我国环境保护立法的当务之急。文章着重分析我国现有环境保护法律制度中对政府责任规定,介绍美国、日本、俄罗斯联邦环境保护法中关于政府责任的规定并总结经验,通过借鉴外国经验完善我国环境保护法律制度中相关的政府责任规定,以寻求解决环境问题的途径,促进环保事业的发展。本文包括引言、正文和结语。正文分为五部分,主要内容有:第一部分:从基本理论入手,界定了政府责任的概念,分析了政府环境保护责任的内涵、特征,并对政府环境保护责任进行分类。第二部分:从现实和理论两方面分析强化政府环境保护责任的依据,论证强化政府环境保护的责任的必要性和可行性。第三部分:介绍了我国现行立法中有关政府环境保护责任的规定。此部分通过对相关法律规定的分析,指出了我国现行立法中政府环境保护责任规定存在的问题主要有:规范和约束政府行为的法律规定有限;对政府责任的规定过于原则,缺乏可操作性;职责划分不清、责任不明确,缺乏协调与监管机制;没有完善的责任追究制度。第四部分:对美国、日本、俄罗斯联邦国家立法中关于政府环境保护责任的规定进行了阐述,总结立法经验。其中主要对美国的《国家环境政策法》中政府环境保护责任的规定做了分析,对我国政府环境保护责任的规定有重要启示。第五部分:本部分为本文的核心内容。针对我国政府环境保护责任规定存在的问题,在借鉴外国经验的基础上,对我国现有的政府环境保护责任规定提出法律建议。主要有:在立法中完善我国政府环境保护责任的规定;明确政府环境保护责任、细化政府环境保护责任制度、加强可操作性:强化政府在环境保护中的管理责任、加强内部协调,建立外部的监督机制;建立政府环境目标责任制度。特别对作为环境保护基本法的《环境保护法》修改中政府责任的规定提出了具体的建议,同时就中国独创的“政府环境目标责任制度”的完善提出了具体的对策。本文通过分析现有环境问题和有关政府责任法律制度的不足,论述了强化政府环境保护责任的必要性和途径,表达了笔者对完善我国政府环境保护责任制度的期盼。更多还原

【Abstract】 So far environmental problems is the most serious one of the issues which the humanity facing.As the status of the special nature of the Environmental Protection become the leading force in the main,the performance of their environmental responsibilities directly affect the effectiveness of Environmental Protection.In recent years,a series of major environmental events related to the Government,and our government on the legal responsibility of the environmental protection regulations are not perfect.Improve provisions about the government’s liability of environmental protection in the legal system is the most urgent task of our government.The paper focused on analysis environmental protection responsibility of the government in legal system,introduced the United States,Japan and Russia’s provisions of the government’s responsibilities in environmental protection and sum up theirs experience, improving the provisions about the government’s liability of environmental protection in the legal system through learn the experience of foreign countries,to seek ways to solve environmental problems,promote the development of the environmental protection.This paper included introduction,main text and conclusion.The paper is divided into five parts,main contents are:The first part:Construction of the basis of the theory.This part defined the concept about responsibility of the government,analyzed the content features of environment responsibility of the government,and typed of government’s environment responsibility.The second part:Analyze the strengthened government environmental protection responsibility from the reality and the theory two aspects the basis,proof strengthening government environmental protection responsibility necessity and the feasibility.The third part:Introduced provisions about the government’s liability of environmental protection in the legal system.Through analyzed relevant laws and regulations,pointing out the major problems about government environmental protection responsibility in legislation, including:bound by the norms and the legal requirement is limited;to the government responsibility stipulation too principle;lack of operable;the responsibility delimits cannot distinguish clearly,the responsibility is not clear about,lacks the coordination and the supervising and managing mechanism;consummation responsibility investigation system.The fourth part:Explained the United States,Japan,Russia national legislation on the liability provisions of the environmental protection,and aggregate legislative experience.In which main analyzed the provisions of the environmental protection responsibility in "National Environmental Policy Act",has the important enlightenment to our country government environmental protection responsibility stipulation.The fifth part:This part is this paper core content.In view question of our country government environmental protection responsibility stipulation,in profits from the foreign experience in the foundation,then gave legal advice.Mainly has:consummates our country government environmental protection responsibility in the legislation the stipulation is clear about the government environmental protection responsibility,the refinement government environmental protection responsibility system, the enhancement feasibility;the strengthened government’s in environmental protection management responsibility,strengthens internal coordinated,establishes exterior surveillance mechanism; establishment government environment goal responsibility system.The paper analyzed environment question and the related government responsibility legal regime insufficiency.This paper discussed necessity and responsibility means of strengthen the government’s Environmental Protection.Expressed the author to consummate our country Government environmental protection responsibility legislation the hope.更多还原