《汉宫秋》《长生殿》主题多样性探析

【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 徐振贵；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国古典戏剧的主题研究中,主题纷争的现象极为突出。本文在对《汉宫秋》、《长生殿》的传统主题研究进行反思的基础上,力图打破传统思维方式,探索提出题旨结构的理论假设,努力对中国古典戏曲中的主题多样化现象作出一种全新的阐释,做一次理论创新的尝试。本文共分四个部分。第一部分全面梳理了《汉宫秋》和《长生殿》的诸种主题说。《汉宫秋》主要有“政治主题”说、“爱情主题”说、“政治、爱情双重主题”说、“借古讽今”说、“人生体悟”说等五种观点。《长生殿》有政治批判说、爱情歌颂说、垂戒来世说、主题矛盾说、双重主题说、多层次主题说、模糊主题说等七种观点。它们的主题说虽然极为多样化,但都各有缺憾;这就为题旨结构理论的提出说明了原由。第二部分对题旨结构说的理论内涵和理论基础进行了集中阐释。由于剧本题材本身的多元性、作者创作心理的复杂性和读者不同的接受点,导致了一部看似简单的文学作品往往具有丰富的思想内涵。文学作品的“题旨结构”是由众多的思想因子在特定的历史美学情境中瞬间交融而成的,它具有融合发生、张力结构、无限可阐释性三个理论特色。中西方文学理论为题旨结构说提供了坚实的理论基础,其中中国古代文论中的文学接受理论和当代西方文论中的文本理论给这一理论假设的启发最大。第三部分是文章的重点。主要用题旨结构理论对《汉宫秋》和《长生殿》进行全新解读,对这一理论的具体应用举出例证。《汉宫秋》的原初思想因子包含以下几个:对正直、刚强等高尚人格之赞美,对美好爱情之向往,对民族意识之觉醒和对民族压迫之反抗,对朝政腐败之批判和对皇帝昏庸寡恩之讽刺,对人生怀才不遇之感慨,对世事无常之悲愤无奈;马致远的“民族情结”、“帝妃恋情结”、“士不遇情结”构成了《汉宫秋》的历史美学情境;众多思想因子在历史美学情境中交融,形成了《汉宫秋》的“题旨结构”。《长生殿》的原初思想因子有:对红颜祸水的谴责和君王荒淫的批判,对国家破亡的哀痛和盛世不在的悼惜,对权奸祸国的暴露和民生疾苦的同情,对生死不渝真挚爱情的赞扬,对美人屈死的惋惜和不平,对历史兴衰的感伤和人生无奈;洪升的至情理想、兴亡意识、天宝情结、宗教情怀交织成一种独特的历史美学情境;众多思想因子在历史美学情境中相遇并融合为一,形成了《长生殿》的题旨结构。第四部分对题旨结构说与主题说的不同作了区别,并指出了题旨结构说的适用范围。题旨结构理论从发生学的角度对作品主题纷争不断的现象给出了很好地解答,与各种主题说相比更具合理性;这一理论尤其适用于那些有众多主题纷争的文学作品。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Chinese classical play’s subject research, the subject dispute’s phenomenon is extremely prominent. This article to "Han Gong Qiu", "Chang Sheng Dian" and so on traditional subject research carries on the resonsideration in the foundation, tries hard to break the tradition thinking mode, the exploration proposed that the theme structure’s theory supposition, makes one kind of brand-new explanation diligently to the Chinese classical drama’s subject diversification phenomenon, makes a theory innovation the attempt.This article is divided four parts.The first part has combed ""Han Gong Qiu " comprehensively and " Chang Sheng Dian " the subject said that as well as their dissatisfaction, for the theme structural theory proposed explained the reason.The second part the theory connotation which and the rationale said to the theme structure has carried on the centralism explanation. "the theme structure" is instantaneous blends by the numerous thought factors in the specific historical esthetics situation becomes, it has the fusion to have, the tensity structure, infinite to be possible the explanation three theory characteristics. China the ancient literature theory and the contemporary West literature theory has provided the solid rationale for the theme structural theory, China ancient times in Wen Lun literature accepted the theory and in the contemporary West Wen Lun text theory gives this theory supposition the inspiration to be biggest.The third part" Han Gong Qiu " and the clear legend " Chang Sheng Dian " has carried on the brand-new explanation with the theme structural theory to the northern zaju, has pointed out the very good illustration to this theory’s concrete application.The fourth part to the theme structure said that said with other subjects has made the difference differently, and had pointed out the theme structure said applicable scope. The theme structural theory has given the very good explanation from the embryology angle to the work subject dispute unceasing phenomenon, with other each kind of subject said that compares has the rationality, the theme structural theory is suitable especially in these has the numerous subject dispute’s literary work.更多还原