【作者】 张浩；

【导师】 阙大顺；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 无刷直流电机运行效率高、调速性能好、无励磁损耗,与传统直流电机相比,不采用电刷进行换相,因而不存在相对的机械摩擦,不会产生由于机械换相带来的噪声、电火花、无线电干扰以及寿命短等缺点,故在许多高科技领域中应用越来越广泛,特别是在军事装备领域如雷达、高射炮等武器的随动系统中,使用无刷直流电机能更好地满足快响应、高精度的要求,因此,研制高性能的无刷直流电机控制器成为一项普遍关注的课题。系统控制算法选择的好坏直接关系到控制器的性能,由于无刷直流电机调速系统是一个多变量、强耦合的非线性系统,随着对无刷直流电机调速性能要求的提高,采用传统的控制方法已经很难得到令人满意的结果。智能控制系统具有自学习、自适应、自组织等功能,能够解决模型不确定性、非线性控制以及其它较复杂的问题,将电机技术、控制技术和电子技术相结合的智能控制器研究,代表着无刷直流电机研究发展的方向。针对无刷直流电机控制复杂的问题,本文从提高电机静态和动态性能出发,重点研究了模糊自适应PID智能控制在无刷直流电机控制器中的应用。具体研究内容如下:(1)详细分析无刷直流电机的的基本结构和工作原理,建立无刷直流电机的数学模型,确立脉宽调制(PWM)调节电机转速的控制思想,为有效检测转子位置,深入研究无位置传感器转子位置智能检测技术的可行性和优越性。(2)按照模块化及数字化设计思想,建立无刷直流电机控制系统,并进行DSP及其外围电路、功率驱动逆变电路、转子位置检测电路等硬件电路设计。同时,对控制系统软件进行了设计,包括主程序模块、中断服务程序模块。(3)结合模糊控制和PID控制方法各自的优势,设计模糊自适应PID速度控制器,并将其应用到本文所设计的无刷直流电机双闭环控制系统中。(4)基于MATLAB/Simulink建立构建无刷直流电机仿真系统。仿真运行显示系统的起动过程、带负载能力、运行稳定性等静态和动态性能。分析无刷直流电机的转速、转矩、PWM、转子电流、反电动势等响应效果,并通过与常规控制比较验证模糊自适应PID智能控制效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) has many advantages such as high operation efficiency, good speed adjusting performance and non-excitation loss. Comparing with traditional DC motor, BLDCM has no relative mechanical friction, big noise, electric spark, electromagnetic interference and short service life because of no mechanical commutator. So it is used more and more widely in many high-tech fields. Especially, quick response and high precision can be achieved by using BLDCM in weapon equipment such as radar and antiaircraft artillery’s servo system. Therefore, researching good BLDCM control system has been widely given attention. The control algorithm of BLDCM system directly relates to the performance of the controller. With more and more high requirements to speed adjusting performance, good result is been obtained difficultly jbecause BLDCM is a multivariable, strongly coupled and nonlinear system. Intelligent control system can solve some diffcult problems such as uncertain model and nonlinear system because it has self-learning, self-adaptive and self-organization function.According to complex control of BLDCM system, fuzzy-PID self-adaptive intelligent control is emphasized to improve static and dynamic performance and applied in this system.(1) Basic structure and operation theory of BLDCM is detailedly analyzed .Then the mathmatics model is deduced and the idea of PWM is established to adjust BLDCM’s speed. Finally, the feasibility and advantage of rotor position detection by sensorless is further studied.(2) According to the idea of modularization and digitization, BLDCM’s hardware system, which is made up of DSP and peripheral circuit, drive circuit and position detection circuit, is designed. At the same time, the software, which is made up of main program and interruption program is also designed.(3) Fuzzy-PID self-adaptive controller is designed to control the speed dual closed loop which has advantages both of the fuzzy logic control and routine PID.(4) Basing on MATLAB/Simulink, BLDCM’s simulation system is built. By operating the simulation system, the static and dynamic performances which include starting process, the ability of carrying load and operation stability are displayed. Then it is a nalyzed that BLDCM’s speed, torque, PWM, rotor’s current and back-EMF response effect. Finally, the intelligent control effect is validated by comparing fuzzy-PID self-adaptive with routine PID control.更多还原