【作者】 韩冰；

【导师】 黄正泉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 高等教育学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 高等教育公平包括起点、过程和结果的公平。高等教育城乡入学机会均等问题备受关注,城乡二元经济结构背景下的城乡高等教育入学机会差异更是研究的热点。在高等教育大众化背景下,研究城乡高等教育入学机会差异无疑具有深刻现实意义。通过城乡高考报名数、城乡高考录取数两个指标,测量城乡高等教育入学机会数量方面的差异,城乡高等教育入学机会数量方面的差异在扩招前期有扩大趋势,在扩招后期虽有缓解趋势但差异依然存在;通过城乡高等教育入学机会的择校差异、城乡高等教育入学机会的专业分布和城乡高等教育入学机会的区域差异三个指标,测量高等教育入学机会质量方面的城乡差异,发现高等教育入学机会城乡之间存在较大的质量差异,城市学生更多的集中于层次较高且经济发达区域的高校,就读于较为热门的专业。随着城乡二元结构的持续存在,我国高等教育入学机会在相当长一段时间内城乡之间仍会存在数量与质量方面的差异。城乡高等教育入学机会差异的存在有着深刻的社会背景、教育及学生自身等方面的原因。就社会背景而言,城乡二元结构使得城乡居民在经济收入和社会资本方面存在较大的差距,这影响高等教育入学机会的均等;对教育自身来说,城乡基础教育投入的差别、高考录取制度等存在的问题也影响城乡高等教育入学机会均等;在学生自身因素上,学生因参照物和家庭文化资本方面的差别,也导致城乡高等教育入学机会存在差别。缓解当前城乡高等教育入学机会差异,要求我们打破城乡二元结构、缩小城乡基础教育投入差距、改革高考录取招生制度、完善农村保障制度,从而切实提高城乡高等教育入学机会公平,推进社会主义和谐社会构建。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fairness of higher education includes the fairness of the start, the process and the result. At present, the fairness of the start, which refers to equal opportunity to enter higher school, is highly anticipated by people, while the city-country difference of the opportunity to accept higher education become a hot topic of discussion under the background of binary economic structure. Therefore, as the higher education is being popularized, the background of binary economic structure. Therefore, as the higher education is being popularized, the research on the difference of opportunity to enter higher school for city and country students before and after the recruitment expanding, has its deep theories and realistic meaning doubtlessly.To measure the difference of the quantity of the students to enter higher school in city and in country through the study of the number of signing up and recruiting, it can be found that the difference as greater before the expanding and smaller after it; to measure the difference of the quality of the opportunity to accept higher education for the city students and the country students through the study of their difference in choosing school, choosing mayor and choosing area to study in, it was found that the city students are more concentrated in the top schools in the districts where the economy has been highly developed and they study in more popular majors. As the binary economic structure continues to exist, the difference in the quantity and quality of the city and country students’ accepting higher education will exist for quite a long time in our country, but it is being changed toward the quality difference from the quantity difference.The existence of difference of opportunity to enter higher school for city and country students is of its deep social background and some reasons from the education itself and the quality of the students. As to the social background, the binary economic structure not also led to the great difference in the income and social capital between city and country. All the difference influenced the equality of opportunity to accept higher education ; as to he education itself, there is great difference in the investment of foundation education between city and country, and there are still problems in the recruitment system, which are factors influencing the equality of the opportunity; as to the students themselves, their quality varies with the surroundings, including the things they contact with and the culture resources of their families.To alleciate the difference of opportunity to accept higher education between city students and country students, we have to break the binary structure, contract the margin of the investments in foundation education in city and in country, reform the recruitment system, so that we cam assure a fair education system and push forward the build of social harmony of socialism.更多还原