【作者】 谭林；

【导师】 庞伯良；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生物物理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以恢复系水稻干种子（R207,R198）为材料,对两种材料进行卫星搭载处理、⁶⁰Coγ射线辐照处理及复合处理后,回收材料并种植。调查其当代、二代的性状表现,对SP₂代的变异情况进行统计并对二代的主要性状进行方差分析和突变频率分析,研究空间环境诱变对水稻恢复系干种子突变频率及同工酶活性的影响,经过三、四代稳定后,选取部分优良变异株与不同基因型和细胞质来源的不育系测交,最后选育出1—2个优良组合。变异株系的变异性状在一定程度上能在杂种后代中有所表现,这说明通过卫星搭载和辐射诱变改变恢复系亲本的性状来改良杂种后代的某些经济和农艺性状是比较有效的途径之一。为水稻航天诱变育种的生产实践提供了一定的理论基础。主要研究结论如下:1、通过对卫星搭载诱变处理后的各代的植株生长发育和农艺性及经济性现状的观察和研究,发现经过卫星搭载和γ射线复合处理后的种子,其变异率相对单独卫星搭载处理和单独γ射线处理的都要高。这一点从一定程度上说明了进行复合处理后,其损伤效应会相应加重,也就是说卫星搭载和γ射线复合处理具有一定的叠加效应。2、通过统计二代变异株变异类型及数目,然后根据各突变类型的突变株数量除以该品种总调查数目计算出各品种的各变异类型和突变频率值。数据表明经卫星搭载和γ射线复合处理的突变频率最大,两个品种的二代在结实率、千粒重以及单株产量等经济性状上也发生了强烈的广谱分离,变幅极广,变异系数大。经过对同工酶活性的分析表明,卫星搭载处理和⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射处理的品种与对照均产生显著差异。3、在四代中分别挑选单独卫星搭载处理、卫星搭载和γ射线复合处理以及单独γ射线处理的较稳定的优良变异株系和金A,新A这两种不同基因型和细胞质来源的不育系测交。结果表明供试材料R207配置的组合比R198配置的组合效果要好。变异株系的变异性状在一定程度上能在杂种后代中有所表现。这说明不同恢复系材料恢复能力不同,这种变异也是能够遗传于后代的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Restoring line in hybrid rice seeds R207 and R198,that were treated by space mutation,⁶⁰Co-γray and combined,were used as materials for experiments.The character expression of SP₁、SP₂ generation and the variance analysis and mutation frequency of SP₂ generation were studied.It studied that the effect of space mutation treatment in mutation frequency and POD activity、SOD activity、CAT activity of restoring line in hybrid rice seeds.After SP₃、SP₄ generation have gotten stability, Choosing some better variations hybridized with sterile rice which has different genotype and the source of cytoplasm,finally we choose the best compages.To some extent,the variation characters of the variations will be express in its hybrid offspring.Therefore,it is an effective way to improve the variation of agronomic characters and economic characters of hybrid offspring through space mutation and radialization mutation to change the characters of restoring line.At the same time,it provide definite academic basic for produce practice of the space mutation -hybrid rice.The main research results as follows:1.Through observing and researching the growth of the plant dealed with Space Mutation’s and its variation of agronomic characters and economic characters,we found that the seeds which dealed with space mutation andγ-ray mutation have higher mutant frequency than the seeds which dealed with space mutation orγ-ray mutation separately.To some extent,it indicated that the damnification-effection will be aggravated after the compound dealing,the compound dealing of space mutation andγ-ray Mutation has the adding effection.2.Through statisticing the variation-type and amount of SP₂ generation,and calculate all kinds’ the variation-type and mutation frequency according to the mutant number divide the research amount of this kind.The data illuminated that the mutant frequency which dealed with the compound dealing of Space Mutation andγ-ray Mutation is largest,the burliness activity、the grainy weight and the single yield of this two kinds SP₂ generation are very diferent and have larger variation modulus. Through analysing the POD activity、SOD activity、CAT activity,we found that there are remarkable difference between the breed which dealed with space mutation andγ-ray Mutation with the breed which not dealed with.3.We respectively choose the only dealed with space mutation plant,the compound dealing of mpace mutation andγ-ray mutation plant and only dealed withγ-ray Mutation plant in the SP₄ generation,then make them hybridize with the Sterile Rice jin A、xin A which has diferent genotype and the source of cytoplasm,it illuminate that the compounding effection of the researching material R207 collocation is better than R198.To some extent,the variation characters of the variations will be express in its hybrid offspring.It show that diferent restoring line materials has different restoring ability,and this mutation is descendible for its offspring.更多还原