城乡收入差距的人力资本研究

【作者】 张薇；

【导师】 惠宁；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 区域经济学， 2009， 硕士

【副题名】以陕西为例的实证分析

【摘要】 随着改革开放和西部大开发战略的实施,中央政府加大了对西部地区的投入,陕西省的经济发展取得了巨大成就,城乡居民的收入和生活水平均得到了前所未有的提高。然而,在辉煌成绩的背后,也出现了一些不容忽视的问题,城乡收入差距不断扩大就是其中之一,如何有效缩小城乡收入差距已经成为国内外学者普遍关注的议题。人力资本理论认为人力资本作为重要的内生经济增长要素会对个人的经济收益产生影响,而国内外的多数研究也已经证实了这一观点。这就意味着人力资本有可能成为影响城乡收入差距的强有力杠杆。为证实这一点,本文以陕西省为例,采用回归分析法深入探讨人力资本可能对城乡居民收入及收入差距产生的影响,力图从人力资本角度寻求缩小城乡收入差距最有效的办法。本文在研究大量材料的基础上,选取陕西省1978年～2007年间城乡居民收入分配和城乡居民人力资本投资的时间序列数据,分析人力资本投资对陕西省城乡居民收入增长的贡献,对陕西省城乡人力资本投资差异和收入差距的关系进行实证研究。一是对人力资本理论的形成和发展进行较为全面的介绍,为城乡收入差距的人力资本分析奠定研究基础;二是分析人力资本投资的形成途径,通过与全国同期平均水平进行对比,研究陕西省城乡居民收入分配和收入差距现状,预测陕西省未来十年城乡居民收入差距的趋势;三是采用经费法测算陕西省城乡居民在人力资本投资方面的差异,采用回归分析法分析人力资本投资对陕西省城乡居民收入增长的贡献,并研究陕西省城乡人力资本投资差异与城乡居民收入差距的关系,指出人力资本投资对城乡居民收入增长有重要影响,但城乡人力资本投资差异和城乡居民收入差距没有直接关系;四是提出缩小陕西省城乡居民收入差距的关键在于加强对农村人力资本投资的力度,提高农民的收入水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the adoption of reform and opening policies, the economic development in Shaanxi Province has achieved tremendous successes. The standards of living for urban and rural people improved with the steady increase of people’s income. Especially, after China has started to carry out the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, the central government has increased its financial transfer payments to the western region, the major economic indicators of Shaanxi Province in recent years have been increasing faster and faster, and the per-capita income of rural and urban residents have reached unheard-of levels. But, there are still some problems we cannot afford to overlook, the growing gap between urban and rural income levels has been one of the these, and it has caused wide public concern by domestic and overseas scholars. The theories of human capital that human capital is one of the most important factors of our growth, and it positively related with resident income. The theories has been approved by most research, and it means that human capital could be one of the most important influence factor of the growing gap between urban and rural income levels. For proving this, this paper try to deals with how human capital investment impact the income of urban and rural residents and the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Province.After study a lot of researches on human capital and the income gap between urban and rural areas, This paper selects lots of time series data about income distribution and human capital investment between urban and rural residents from 1978 to 2007 in Shaanxi Province to analyze the contribution of human capital investment to the growth of resident income, and Investigate if the human capital investment gap between urban and rural residents could impact the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Province.Firstly, this article will introduce you the formation and development of the theory of human capital roundly to be basis of this paper.Secondly, by contrast with the national average, this paper will analyze the current situation about income distribution and the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Province, and then, anticipate the trend of the income gap between urban and rural residents in the future 10 years in Shaanxi Province. Thirdly, this article will estimate the human capital investment gap between urban and rural residents from 1978 to 2007 in Shaanxi Province by computing the funds of human capital investment, then analyze the contribution of human capital investment to the growth of resident income and the relationship between the human capital investment gap between urban and rural residents and the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Province by the method of regression analysis. The conclusion will be that, human capital investment has great impact on the income of urban and rural residents, but there has no relationship between the human capital investment gap between urban and rural residents and the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shaanxi Province.Lastly, according to the conclusion in the preceding part of this article, I point out that the key to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas is making more human capital investment in rural regions, and then, I will offer a series of proposal to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in Shaanxi Province.更多还原