区分所有权人管理团体法律地位探讨

【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 段匡；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我国目前的城市化进程以及住房制度的改革,改变了过去乡村院落、城市公房的居住型态,使得区分所有建筑物成为了居住的新主流。在这种一栋大楼中居住众多人口,楼上楼下相互连接的居住形态中,难免会因使用或相邻关系产生很多问题。在这种情况下,必须由区分所有权人组成管理团体对区分所有建筑物进行自治管理。然而,迄今为止,我国尚未明确提出区分所有权人管理团体的概念,同时,学界对区分所有权人管理团体法律制度的一些基本法律问题也存在很大争议。这种情况显然对区分所有建筑物的管理,对于提升区分所有权人的居住环境极为不利。因而,本文拟从纵向(我国历来颁布的诸多法律法规)和横向(各个国家的立法例考察)两方面对其进行研究和剖析,并提出自己的浅显看法,希望有助于我国区分所有建筑物管理法律制度的发展。全文包括前言、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文主要分为四部分:第一部分笔者主要整理了我国不同阶段区分所有权人管理团体法律制度的主要立法规定,并通过前后比较的方法,全面梳理分析以《城市新建住宅小区管理办法》、《物业管理条例》、《物权法》为主的关于区分所有权人管理团体主体资格的法律规定,分析了国内区分所有权人管理团体法律制度发展的三个主要阶段。第二部分是通过上述第一章内容,总结出我国现阶段法律法规规定下区分所有权人管理团体的生存发展空间以及由此产生的问题的总结和分析。第三部分是对区分所有权人管理团体立法例进行考察。以法国、德国、日本、美国、新加坡以及我国香港、澳门和台湾地区为代表,对区分所有权人管理团体立法例进行考察,得出本文结论与立法启示:区分所有权人管理团体在各国的名称虽然不同,但其法律地位可以归纳为具有法人人格的模式(法国、新加坡模式),不具有法人人格的模式(德国模式),附条件之法人人格模式(日本模式)和判例实务上之法人人格模式(美国模式)四种立法模式;同时从立法模式中可以看出,承认区分所有权人管理团体在立法和实务上具有独立行为能力已经是各国和地区的普遍倾向。第四部分是在借鉴国外立法经验的基础上,结合我国当前实际情况,对我国区分所有权人管理团体法律地位制度的内容进行构建思考。第一节是分析了我国引入区分所有权人管理组织概念的必要性;第二节则是从区分所有权人管理团体内部、外部两个新角度对其权利义务进行了具体分析和论述;第三节则大胆构想我国将来立法,虚拟赋予区分所有权人管理团体为独立团体,享有独立的民事主体和诉讼主体地位,构建区分所有权人管理团体法律地位具体制度,并设想其名称、成立、财产以及组织机构和场所等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s current urbanization process, as well as the housing system reform has changed the village courtyard in the past, the city’s housing patterns of living, making a distinction between all the buildings into the mainstream of the new residence. In such a large population living in the building, upstairs downstairs interconnection in the form of living will inevitably be a result of the use of adjacent or relationship problems. In this case, the distinction between ownership by members of the management bodies to distinguish between self-management of all buildings. However, so far, China has not yet made a clear distinction between ownership group to manage the concept, at the same time, the academic title of distinction between the legal system to manage some of the bodies of the Basic Law. As a result, this article from the vertical to be (in China has been enacted many laws and regulations) and horizontal (national legislative study patients) two of its research and analysis and put forward their views on the simple hope that China will help to distinguish between all the buildings The management of the legal system.Including the full text of the preamble, and the conclusion of the three parts of the body, in which the body is divided into four main parts:The first part of my finishing a major distinction between the different stages of our ownership group to manage the legal system of the main provisions of legislation through before and after comparison approach, a comprehensive analysis of the sort of "new urban residential district management" and "Property Management Ordinance," " Property Law, "based on the distinction between ownership of the management of people eligible for the main body of law, an analysis of the distinction between domestic ownership group to manage the development of legal systems of the three main stages.The second part of the approval of the first chapter, summed up the current stage of China’s laws and regulations under the provisions of the distinction between ownership group to manage the survival and development space as well as the problems created by the summary and analysis.The third part is the ownership of the distinction between the legislative bodies to manage cases for inspection. In France, Germany, Japan, the United States, Singapore, and China’s Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as representatives of the owners of the distinction between the management of patients with legislative bodies to carry out inspection, come to the conclusion of this article and the legislature inspiration: the distinction between ownership of the management bodies of people in the name though Different, but their legal status can be summed up with a legal personality of the model (France, Singapore model), do not have the legal personality of the model (German model), the conditions attached to the corporate model of personality (Japanese model) and the practical case of corporate personality Model (U.S. model) of the four legislative mode;In the fourth part of foreign legislation on the basis of experience, combined with the actual situation in our country, our country ownership of the distinction between the legal status of groups of people management system to build the content of thinking. Section I of our analysis is to distinguish between the introduction of the concept of owner management organizations of the need; Section II is distinguished from the ownership group to manage internal and external point of view of its two new rights and duties carried out a detailed analysis and discussion; section III Bold vision of our future legislation, given the virtual owner of the distinction between the management group for the independent legal persons, shall be vested with independent civil litigation and the main dominant position, building owners manage to distinguish between the legal status of specific groups.更多还原