【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 傅亚庶；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 晁公遡是宋代晁氏家族的名流,也是诗文兼善的文学家。他和李焘同年进士及第,官至兵部员外郎,系叶梦得的表弟、陆游的表舅,与郭印、虞允文、李流谦、王炎、范成大等都有程度不同的交往,在政坛、文坛上均产生了一定影响。长期以来,由于条件所限,人们对晁公遡重视不够。近几年,学术界从不同角度对晁公遡及其相关问题进行了富有开创意义的探讨。但是,对其诗歌进行全面梳理与系统研究,则尚属空白,有待填补。晁公遡的先祖为卫人史晁,自汉大夫晁错之后,世无闻人。直至宋代,方大显于时,可谓官宦传家,诗书继世。金兵南下时,他逃难到蜀,并长期在此生活。晁公遡自幼接受了儒家思想的教育,也深受佛家思想的影响。在文学上,他重视“风雅比兴”的创作传统,强调多方面的继承与发展,崇尚“峻洁”、“锦绣”、“崛奇”的诗歌格调。晁公遡著述甚多,大都失传,现仅存《嵩山集》诸本及见于他书的零散日记与小说。晁公遡诗歌的题材内容十分丰富。他的伤时悯农诗真实地反映了中原沦陷的情形,深刻地表达了对北方故土的思念、对爱国志士的赞美、对卖国君臣的讽刺、对农民与戍卒的同情。纪游写景诗生动地描绘了自己的行踪与见闻,并从不同角度观察、刻画不同的景物,或通篇写景,或情景并写,都能做到情景交融。思亲恋友诗往往渗透着对国事与民生的热切关注,也常常写他同亲友聚会的欢乐、离别的愁绪、重逢的渴望和日常生活。品书赏画诗完整地记录了他珍惜、收藏、欣赏书画佳作及其用品的生活,也透露了他偏爱画作惟妙惟肖、富有动感的艺术观点。咏史怀古诗或径以历史事件为对象而抚事寄慨,或于登临历史遗迹时即地抒怀,寄托生活理想,表明政治态度,阐述某种道理,抒发兴亡之感。托物寄情诗以咏梅、竹、木犀、荷花为多,借以烘托自己清高而谦逊的不凡节操。晁公遡诗歌的艺术成就也很突出。就体裁说,诸体兼备,皆有佳作,尤以近体律绝见长,又常以律入古、以古入律,丰富了古近两体诗歌的表现方法。就手法说,他善于“以文字为诗”,不仅以诗代简、以诗为简,经常议论、对话,而且大量运用散文化的诗句;善于观察生活,并选取恰当的材料入诗;想象十分丰富,善于运用比兴,还常妙用通感;结构谨严,而又错综多变,经常采用“首句标其目,卒章显其志”的结构方式,并以标题交代创作背景。就语言说,语气以委婉舒缓见长;精于对仗,善用叠字;工于用典。就风格说,“悲怨”是主调,“劲健”是变奏。晁公遡诗歌的题材和艺术,都见出杜甫的影响。同时,他又博采《诗经》、屈原、陶渊明、王维、李白、白居易、苏轼以及郭璞、谢灵运、谢朓、寒山子等各家之长。晁公遡的诗歌成就虽在晁补之之下,却不亚于晁冲之,应在宋代诗歌史乃至中国诗歌史上占有一席之地。晁公遡的诗歌,宋代以来就有传播和影响,曾入选多种典籍。今天,晁公遡诗歌的影响已远超文学层面,值得我们进行更加深入而细致的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chao Gongsu is not only a celebrity of the Chao family in the Song Dynasty, but also a famous writer of poetry and prose. He and Li Tao passed the civil examination at the same year; at last he became a Bingbu Yuanwailang. He was Ye Mengde’s cousin and Lu You’s uncle. He has contacts with Guo Yin, Yu Yunwen , Li Liuqian, Wang Yan , and Fan Chengda. He has an impact both in the political and the literary arena. For a long time, due to the conditions, there is not enough attention on Chao Gongsu. In recent years, the academic community from different perspectives has done some creative research on Chao Gongsu and related issues. However, it is still blank for a comprehensive and systematic research on his poetry, and should to be filled.Chao Gongsu’s ancestor is Shi Chao of Wei. Since Chao Cuo of the Han Dynasty, there isn’t famous person for many years. Until the Song Dynasty, the Chao family became famous in officials and literature. When the army of Jin came to south, he fled to Shu, and lived for a long time. Chao Gongsu accepted the education of Confucianism and Buddhism at an early age. In the literature, he attaches great importance for creative tradition "Feng, Ya, Bi, Xing", emphasis the succession and development on various aspects. He advocates towering and strong poetry style. Chao Gongsu had a lot of writing, most of which lost, left only Songshanji and the fragmental diaries and novels found in other books.The poetry of Chao Gongsu has rich subject matters. His pity poems about the time and the farmers truly reflect the fall of the Central Plains scene, expressing his longing for north native land, praising the patriots, satiring the betraying country rulers and the ministers, giving a deep sympathy to the farmers and drivers. The poems which describe his whereabouts and knowledge portray a different scene from different angles. Some of them describes the scenery entirely, and some describes the scenery and the emotion. All the poems can fit the scenery and the emotion together. The poems about the relatives and friends are permeated with the people’s livelihood and national affairs for the enthusiastic attention; they are often about the joy gathered with his relatives and friends, the melancholy of separation, the aspirations of the reunion and about their daily lives. The poems about painting and calligraphy fully record his treasured, collection and enjoyment about calligraphy and painting supplies, as well as calligraphy and painting works and explain his views of painting and calligraphy. He likes the paintings which have vivid images. The poems about history through the retrospective about Ancient historical figures express his ideals in life, indicates his political attitude, elaborates some kind of truth, expresses the historical feeling of the rise and fall. Most of his poems of great emotions write plum, bamboo, osmanthus and lotus, through which he expresses his noble, pure and modest character.The artistic achievement of the poetry of Chao Gongsu is very prominent. Said on the genre, from both bodies, there are excellent, especially the last-known poems. He has enriched the performance style of the ancient-style poetry and the modern style poetry. He is good at "for poetry in words",not only to letter on behalf of poetry, poetry simple and uses a large number of prose lines in the poetry, using discusses and the dialoges; he is also good at observing life, and selects appropriate materials into poetry; he has very rich imagination, good use Bi and Xing; the structure of his poetry is careful, precise, intricate and varied. He frequently points out the subject in the poetry at the opening and the ending, confesses the creation background with the topic. On the language, the tones are euphemistic and ease. The style is smooth on the outstanding performance.The subject matters and artistry of the poetry of Chao Gongsu could see the impact of Du Fu. At the same time, he studies the best of Shijing, Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai and Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Guo Pu, Xie Lingyun, Xie Tiao, Han Shanzi and so on. His poetry achievement is under Chao Buzhi but not inferior Chao Chongzhi. He should have a place in the history of poetry of the Song Dynasty and even in the history of Chinese poetry. Chao Gongsu’s poetry, has been spread and has impact since the Song Dynasty, appeared in a variety of books. Today, the impact of Chao Gongsu’s poetry has far exceeded the literary level; we should conduct more in-depth and meticulous research.更多还原