【作者】 赵建华；

【导师】 盖艾鸿；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤并不是一个均质体,而是具有高度的空间异质性,这不但体现在时间上,还体现在空间上。传统描述土壤空间变异性的方法基本上是定性的土壤分类,而不是定量的研究土壤空间变异。地统计学方法引入土壤科学研究领域既可用来估测土壤性质的分布,也可用于确定土壤变异的空间尺度和形式,以提高采样的有效性,还可用于研究引起土壤变异的各种过程。目前,应用地统计学的原理和方法仍是国内外定量化研究土壤空间变异的趋势之一。随着地理信息系统(GIS)的广泛应用和发展,利用地统计学,结合GIS技术来研究土壤性质空间变异已经成为目前土壤学的研究热点之一。本研究在兰州选择样点,采用传统统计学方法和地统计学的方法,结合GIS技术,对兰州全市的表层土壤中的全氮和有机质含量的空间变异的规律进行了初步的探究,主要研究结论如下:(1)传统统计方法研究兰州土壤全氮和有机质的结果表明土壤全氮和有机质含量的变异系数均较高,分别为1.067和0.531,从分布类型上看,全氮和有机质的数据分布均接近正态分布,符合地统计学对于土壤空间变异研究的前提条件。(2)从变异函数分析的结果来看,土壤全氮和有机质在一定的研究范围内观测值之间均存在空间相关性,即存在空间变异结构特征。土壤全氮和有机质的空间变异随间距增大而增大,亦即变异函数值随空间距离增加而增加,且有基台值,这说明在变程a的采样间距内,采样点的测定值是空间相关的。(3)变异函数模型的分析表明,土壤全氮和有机质的模型拟合均最符合球型模型,各向同性和各向异性分析表明,土壤全氮和有机质的分布在不同的方向上是极不规则的。(4)用普通克里格法绘制的土壤全氮和有机质插值图反映了空间变异结构,研究区全氮和有机质的分布大致相似,高值区均分布在兰州的中南部的部分地区。这表明土壤全氮和有机质存在高度的相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The properties of soil are not homogeneous, whereas soil is a continuous spatio-temporal heterogeneity, with high spatial variability. which not only is reflected in the time, but is also reflected in the space. The traditional methods of describing soil properties are on the whole qualitatively soil classification, not researching soil spatial variability quantitatively.Geostatistics was applied in soil science field to estimate the distribution of soil properties, and to determine the spatial scales and forms of the soil variation, in order to give rise to the validity of sampling, it also can be used to study the process of the soil variability. the theory and method of geostatistics are currently still one tide of reseaching spatial variability quantitatively both at home and abroad. with population applying of GIS and developing of geography ,it has been a hotspot to use the combination of the information system (GIS) and the geostatistics to study the soil spatial variability today.With the help of the traditional statistics method and geostatistics and GIS. the thesis regard lanzhou city as study area, the result of studying on the spatial variability of total nitrogen and soil organic matter can be showed:(1)Research on the Lanzhou soil nitrogen and organic matter by traditional statistical methods shows that the content both the soil nitrogen and the organic matter were high variation, is 1.067 and 1.400, for the type, the data distribution of nitrogen and organic matter were normal , which meet the prerequisite for the study of spatial variability of soil .(2)The results of the variogram function analysis shows there are the space-related between the soil nitrogen and the organic matter in a certain study scope, namely, the spatial variability structural characteristics. Soil nitrogen and organic matter spatial variability increases with the distance, which is variogram value increased with the distance, and has the Sill, which shows the value is space-related in a sample spacing distance.(3)The analysis of variogram function model shows that the most fitting model of the soil nitrogen and organic matter are spherical model, and isotropic and anisotropic analysis shows that the distribution of soil nitrogen and organic matter is different in different directions .(4)The soil nitrogen and organic matter maps by Kriging method reflects the spatial variability characteristics , the distribution of nitrogen and organic matter is similar in study area, high-value areas are located in the south and central of the Lanzhou. This also shows that the soil nitrogen and organic matter has the high correlation.更多还原