【作者】 王瑞芳；

【导师】 蔺海明；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 药用植物资源与利用， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文于2006～2007年在民勤县进行了甘草栽培方式、灌水、施肥、密度等方面的田间试验,系统研究了不同农艺措施对甘草生长发育的调控效应及甘草的生长规律,旨在为甘草人工高效种植提出关键技术及理论依据,进而指导甘草的规模化生产。研究取得以下主要结果:1.覆膜对甘草株高和主根长的生长、芦径的增粗及分枝数的增多均有显著影响。覆膜栽培甘草的株高、分枝数、主根长和芦径较露地穴播的分别增高5.51%、7.1%、2.17%和10.21%,较露地条播(对照CK)依次增高10.30%、11.6%、9.48%和15.65%;2年生甘草各项生长指标的变化趋势与1年生的基本相似;覆膜栽培对甘草的生长发育产生促进作用的机理是覆膜栽培能较大幅度地提高地温和水分利用效率,增温幅达0.8℃～2.65℃;覆膜栽培甘草单株干物质积累量和鲜产量明显高于露地穴播和露地条播处理的;覆膜穴播甘草生长1年的较露地条播增产39.87%,生长2年的较露地条播增产22.92%。2.灌水量对甘草的农艺性状、干物质积累和产量均有显著的影响。不同灌水量处理的甘草农艺性状的动态变化趋势基本相似;灌水次数在6次以下,总灌水量在5400m~3/hm~2以内时,随着灌水量的增加,甘草产量增加,超过该灌水量后,灌水量再增加,产量呈下降趋势。在适宜灌水范围内,甘草的农艺性状随灌水量的增加呈增加的趋势,表现出良好的生长态势,使得甘草各部分干物质积累量随灌水量增加而增加,进而促进其产量提高。试验条件下以灌水次数为5~6次,总灌水量为4500m~3/hm~2-5400m~3/hm~2时,无论是甘草的农艺性状还是干物质积累量或产量,均表现出最好。3.氮磷钾施肥量对甘草单位面积产量有显著的影响。随氮磷钾施用水平的增加产量呈先升后降的趋势,较低水平的氮磷钾施用量对甘草产量有促进作用,但施用量达到一定水平后产量并不明显增加;施肥对1年生甘草的各项生长指标影响效果要比2年生的明显;干物质积累的规律为:随着生长月份的不同,氮磷钾施用水平对甘草干物质积累的影响也不同,总趋势是8月前地上部干物质积累较快而地下部较慢,8~10月甘草总干物质积累明显加快,转为地上部干物质积累减慢而地下部加快。通过不同氮磷钾施肥水平对甘草地上、地下生长、生物量和药材产量影响的综合分析,初步确定最佳施肥量为:N67.5～101.79kg/hm~2,P205172.5～260.13kg/hm~2,K2O162～243kg/hm~2。4.定植密度对甘草的生长动态有不同的影响。甘草株高、芦径、主根长和主茎分枝均随生育进程的推进呈增长趋势,株高和芦径以定植密度27万株/hm~2的最佳。定植第2年甘草主根长在不同的定植密度下生长动态相似,但定植密度小的处理其主根较长,主茎分枝数较多;甘草各部分干物质积累的总体趋势为定植密度越小,干物质积累量越大。以密度24万株/hm~2的处理单株地上部干物质积累量最高,为24.98g/株,以密度27万株/hm~2的处理单株根干物质积累量最高,为50.12g/株。由此认为甘草栽培密度是其生长和产量形成的重要影响因子,就甘草根产量而论,27万株/hm~2是适宜的定植密度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The field experiment on the cultivation methods, irrigation, fertilization, transplanting density of G.uralensis were taken in Minqin County from 2006 to 2007 to study the regulating effect of agronomic measures on the growth and development of G.uralensis and the growth law of G.uralensis. The purpose of the study was to provide some key technologies and some theoretical foundations for the high efficient planting of G.uralensis. Thereby,guiding the large-scale production for standardization cultivation of G.uralensis. The main results were as follows:1. The film mulching cultivation had significant effect on plant height, main root growth, root diameter and the number of branches. The results showed that the plant height, main root length, root diameter and the number of branches of film mulching cultivation were higher than the unmulched hole sowing cultivation 5.51%, 7.1%, 2.17%,and 10.21% respectively, and were higher than the drill seeding in unmulching field (the CK) 10.30%,11.6%,9.48% 15.65% respectively. The change trend of all growth indicators of one year old G.uralensis were similar with two years old G.uralensis. The Mechanism that film mulching cultivation improved the growth and development of G.uralensis, was the film mulching increased the soil temperature by 0.8℃to 2.65℃, and the water use efficiency increased too. In addition, single dry matter accumulation and yield of the mulch treatment was obvious higher than the unmulched hole sowing cultivation and the drill seeding in unmulching field. The yield of one and two years old G.uralensis mulched with film were higher than CK about 39.87% and 22.92%.2. The irrigation had significant effect on agronomical characters、dry matter accumulation and yield of G.uralensis. Dynamic change trend of agronomical characters of G.uralensis were similar under different irrigation treatment. When irrigation was below six times and the total maximum irrigation was below 5400m~3/hm~2, the yield of G.uralensis was increased with the increase of irrigation. While the yield of G.uralensis was decreased when irrigation increased above maximum irrigation.What’s more, Agronomical characters of G.uralensis were increased with irrigation increase at optimum irrigation range. Thereby, all parts dry matter accumulation of G.uralensis were increased with irrigation increase and promoted its yield as well. When irrigated 5 to 6 times, namely, the total of irrigation 4500 m~3/hm~2 to 5400m~3/hm~2, not only agronomical characters but also dry matter accumulation and yield were the best.3. Fertilizer had significant effect on the yield by area of G.uralensis. the change trend to the yield of G.uralensis was from high to low with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increase. The lower fertilizer rate had certain promotion function on the yield of G.uralensis. While the yield had no obviously increase when the fertilizer rate reached a certain level. Fertilization had more obvious effect on one year old G.uralensis than two years old. The discipline of dry matter accumulation was that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amount had different effect on dry matter accumulation of G.uralensis with different growth periods. The general trend was that dry matter accumulation up-ground was faster than below-ground before August, Which was conversed from August to October. The comprehensive analyzing results showed that the optimum amount of fertilization was N 67.5~101.79 kg /hm~2, P205172.5~260.13 kg /hm~2, K2O162~243 kg /hm~2.4. The transplanting density had different effects on the growth dynamics of G.uralensis. The plant height, root diameter, main root length and the number of stem-branch of G.uralensis increased with the growing process. 270.000plants/hm~2 was suitable transplanting density to the plant height and root diameter. Two-year-old G.uralensis root length had similar growth dynamic under different transplanting density, while the main root was longer and a number of branches were more than the others with low transplanting density. The general trend of total dry matter accumulation were that the lower the transplanting density, the greater dry matter accumulation. The single plant up-ground dry matter accumulation was the highest under transplanting density of 240,000plants/hm~2, which was 24.98g/plant. While under transplanting density of 270,000plants/hm~2, root dry matter accumulation was the highest, which was 50.12g/plant. Therefore, transplanting density was an important impact on plant growth and yield formation. From this study, the conclusion can be drawn that transplanting density of 270,000plants/hm~2 was suitable for the local G.uralensis root yield.更多还原