【作者】 高军；

【导师】 黄义德；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2006年4月至2007年10月分别在安徽省凤台县水稻原种场和安徽省天长市永丰办事处乌龙村进行。以新两优6号为试验材料,设置不同播种密度与秧龄、不同栽插密度与施氮量、N肥基蘖肥与穗肥比例和不同叶龄期追施N肥4个试验,研究各项技术措施对杂交中籼稻群体质量及产量的影响。结果表明,杂交中籼稻湿润育秧条件下,秧龄以40d为好,秧龄45d以上显著减产。长秧龄条件下,旱育秧秧苗素质显著优于湿润育秧,其群体数量、质量及最终产量也显著高于湿润育秧。密度、氮肥对杂交中籼稻群体质量及产量有显著影响。产量随N肥和密度的增加而增加,在不同的N肥与密度水平间差异极限著。在影响产量的N肥与密度因素中,N肥对产量的影响（r=0.6795）大于密度对产量的影响（r=0.6320）。产量构成因素中,对产量影响较大的是有效穗数,其次是穗粒数,千粒重影响相对较小。试验表明,N肥和密度均有利于有效穗数的增加,且N肥与有效穗数的相关性大于密度与有效穗数的相关性。但随着密度增大,N肥对有效穗数的促进作用逐渐减弱。低密度时,N肥间穗粒数差异显著和极限著,随着密度增加,差异趋向不显著:在低N肥水平下,密度间穗粒数差异不显著,随着N肥增加,密度间差异趋向显著。密度与千粒重呈正相关但影响较小,N肥呈正相关影响达显著水平。试验表明,N肥在低密度时对干物质积累有显著影响,密度高的群体影响不明显。低密高肥、中密中肥可获得较高的干物质,低密低肥、高密高肥干物质积累最低。N肥有利于提高灌浆速率,N肥水平高的组合,灌浆速率总体水平高,后期也能维持在一个较高的水平。高产栽培条件下,为了满足植株中后期生长发育的需要,前肥必须适当后移。试验表明,在总施N量适宜的情况下,基蘖肥与穗肥比例以7:3和6:4产量最高。前肥后移有利于群体茎蘖数的发展,也有利于提高茎蘖成穗率、群体LAI和CGR、粒叶比、灌浆速率和最终产量。不同叶龄期追肥产量高低依次为,倒4叶（10521.0kg/hm²）＞倒3叶（10483.5kg/hm²）＞倒2叶（10314.0kg/hm²）＞倒5叶（9834.0kg/hm²）＞倒1叶（9690.0kg/hm²）＞不追（8491.5kg/hm²）。不同叶龄期追肥对千粒重影响不显著,但对有效穗数和产量影响显著,穗粒数是随着追肥时期退后先增加后减少。倒2叶追肥有利于获得理想穗粒数和较高茎蘖成穗率,倒4叶追肥有利于获得理想产量。倒5叶追肥群体茎蘖数最大。试验表明,倒4叶追肥群体LAI、灌浆速率、干物质积累和CGR最大,其次为倒3、倒2叶。粒叶比以倒2叶、倒1叶较大,产量以倒4和倒3叶最大。试验表明,安徽省杂交中籼稻高产群体（10500 kg/hm²）质量指标为:（1）育秧方式以旱育秧为好,秧龄以40d以内为好。（2）有效穗数为:236.0万/hm²～260.0万/hm²;每穗总粒数:163.0～172.0;结实率:52.0%～58.0%;千粒重:26.8g～27.2g。（3）最大LAI:7.04～7.48;黄熟期干物质积累量:17425.00 kg/hm²～21466.00kg/hm²;群体增长率CGR:16.86g.m^-2d^-1～19.50g.m^-2d^-1;灌浆速率:0.1400 g/穗.d^-1～0.1500 g/穗.d^-1;群体最高茎蘖数:459.0万/hm²～486.0万/hm²;茎蘖成穗率:50.00%～57.62%;粒叶比:14.90mg/cm².叶～16.19mg/cm².叶。（4）基蘖肥氮:穗肥氮为7:3或者6:4;基肥每hm²施有机肥30000.0kg或饼肥750.0kg;分蘖肥施尿素45.0kg/hm²～75.0kg/hm²。穗肥总量为尿素120.0～150.0kg/hm²,氯化钾150.0～225.0kg/hm²。（5）追肥以倒4叶和倒3叶期为好,其次为倒2叶期。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was carried in Fengtai County Rice Original Seed Farm,Anhui Province and Yongfeng subdistrict Uron village,Tianchang City of Anhui Province from April 2006 to October 2007.The effects of different sowing density and seeding age、different planting density and nitrogen level、different nitrogen proportion of the base tiller fertilizer and head sprouting fertilizer、different leaf age to topdress N fertilizer on group quality and yield formation of different technical measures in Hybrid Medium Indica Rice by using "Xinliangyou 6".The results showed that the 40d seedling age of the Hybrid Medium Indica Rice is good under water-raised seedling conditions,and the yield will reduce obviously when seedling age above 45d.Under long seedling age conditions,the quatily of seedling nurtured by dry land bed way is better than that nurtured by water-raised way,the group quanty,quality and ultimately yield is also significantly higher than that of seedling moist.The impact of density and nitrogen level on the group quality and yield of Hybrid Mediun Indica Rice is significant.The difference of yield which increased with density and nitrogen level is significant in different density and nitrogen level.Among affecting factors,the impact of nitrogen（r=0.6795） is stronger than density（r=0.63195） on the the yield.Among yield constitution factors,the influence on the yield of effective ears is greater,then is the number of grain,the impact of grain weight is relatively small.Research show that to increase nitrogen level and density will benefit for the number of effective ears,and the relevance of nitrogen and ears is bigger than density and ears.With density increased,the impact of nitrogen on the yield will weakened gradually.Under low-density,the difference of the number of grains per spike is significant,and with the density increase,the difference become weakened.Under low-level nitrogen conditions,the difference of the number of grains per spike under different density conditions is not significantly,with nitrogen level increased,the difference of different density become significant,thousand-grain weight and density are related but were less affected,nitrogen level was positively correlated to thousand-grain weight significantly.Research show that the impact of nitrogen on the dry matter accumulation is significant when low-density,while the impact is not significant when high-density. Low-density and high-level nitrogen、mid-density and mid-level nitrogen will benefit for the dry matter accumulation,low-density and low-level nitrogen、high-density and high-level nitrogen will not benefit for the accumulation.Nitrogen is helpful for the filling rate,the treatment of high-level nitrogen which the ovearall rate of filling is high and in the later period the filling rate also can be maintained at a high level.Under high-yield cultivation conditions,in order to meet the needs of the latter part of the growth and development,the former fertilizer must be properly later moved.The reasearch showed that the yield is the highest when the ratio of the base-tiller fertilizer and heading-sprout fertilizer is 7:3 and 6:4.The former fertilizer later moved is good for the population total tillers,and also for raising the population tillers PTP’s、LAI、CGR、grain-leaf ratio、filling rate and final yield.The yield of topdressing in different leaf age is as follows:invert 4 leaf time （10521.0 kg/hm²）＞invert 3 leaf time（10483.5 kg/hm²）＞invert 2 leaf time（10314.0 kg/hm²）＞invert 5 leaf time（9834.0 kg/hm²）＞invert 1 leaf time（9690.0 kg/hm²）＞no topdressing（8491.5 kg/hm²）.The topdressing impact of different leaf age on the 1000-grain weight is not significantly while on the effective ear and yield is significantly. When topdressing later,the number of grains per spike will increase first and decrease late.Topdressing in invert 2 leaf times will help for gaining an ideal quanty of per spike and higher tillers PTP’s,in invert 4 leaf times will help for gaining an ideal yield,in invert 5 leaf times will help for gaining the highest number of population tillers.Research showed that the date of LAI、filling rate、dry matter accumulation and CGR will be biggest,followed by inverted 3 leaf times and inverted 2 leaf times. Grain-leaf ratio is biggest in the inverted 2 and 1 leaf times,and final yield is the biggest in the inverted 4 and 3 leaf times.Reasearch showed that the Hybrid Medium Indica Rice high-yield（10,500 kg/hm²） group quality indicators of Anhui province are listed as follows:（1） The best seedling way is the dry land bed nurturing,seedling age is 40d.（2） Effective ears:2360000.0/hm²～2600000.0万/hm²;total grains per panicle:163.0 to 172.0;seed-setting rate:52.0%to 58.0%;thousand-grain weight:26.8g～27.2g.（3） Max LAI:7.04～7.48;the quanty of dry matter accumulation of yellow period: 17425.00 kg/hm²～21466.00 kg/hm²;CGR:16.86gm^-2d^-1～19.50g.m^-2d^-1;filling rate: 0.1400 g/ear.d^-1～0.1500g/ear.d^-1;the highest groups number of stem tillers:4590000.0/ hm²～4860000.0万/hm²;tillers PTP’s:50.0%to 57.6%;grain-leaf ratio:14.90mg/cm². Leaf～16.19 mg/cm².Leaf.（4） Tiller-based fertilizer:heading sprouting fertilizer is 7:3 or 6:4;base fertilizer every hm² is 30000.0 kg or cake fertilizer 750.0 kg;tiller fertilizer:urea 45.0 kg/hm²～75.0kg/hm².Total volume of heading fertilizer is urea 120.0～150.0 kg/hm²,KCI:150.0～225.0 kg/hm².（5） The best time to topdressing is inverted 4 leaf times and inverted 3 leaf times, followed by the inverted 2 leaf times.更多还原