【作者】 管露露；

【导师】 吴泽民；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 城市居民对森林游憩活动的要求不断增加,希望拥有就近的活动场所,为日常休闲及周末游憩提供服务,因此近年来在我国的一些城市提出建设城市森林的目标。本研究选择合肥市大蜀山城市森林公园、马鞍山市采石矶森林公园、芜湖市神山城市森林公园和上海市共青城森林公园,分别对其森林群落结构及游憩功能进行分析;结合安徽省三城市森林公园的实例从群落结构、群落景观美景度、提供游憩服务等方面建立综合评价指标体系,并进行评价与比较;同时提出城市森林公园中游憩林设计的建议。研究结果如下:(1)调查各个公园群落中植物的种类,胸径、树高、健康程度,计算植物群落的重要值。采用多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数来分析森林群落。结果表明:大蜀山森林公园调查样地中优势树种为马尾松、构树、枫香、麻栎、短毛椴,栾树、刺槐、榔榆、五角枫;采石矶森林公园调查样地中优势树种为女贞、枫杨、刺槐、朴树;神山森林公园调查地优势树种为香樟、女贞、杉木、金钱松、池杉,刺槐、水杉。丰富度指数分别为大蜀山0.002,采石矶0.10,神山0.20;均匀度分别为大蜀山0.81,采石矶0.73,神山0.8,说明尽管树种种类不丰富,但是分布较均匀。多样性指数分别为大蜀山2.49,采石矶2.47,神山2.37,安徽省内三个城市森林公园植物群落的多样性指数相差很小。均匀度指数采石矶的最低,同时优势度指数又是最高的,因为在采石矶的植物群落中女贞的优势性非常明显,而其他两个公园的树种优势度都相差不大。三个公园的丰富度指数都较低,尤其是大蜀山,仅为0.002。(2)将森林公园内的森林景观划分为道路景观、林内景观、近景景观和个体景观四种类型,通过景观评价值评定法(简称SBE法)得出公众的审美趋势。再采用回归模型分析影响各类景观美景度的景观要素,将为游憩林的设计提供参考。结果表明:林内景观中通直的树干,规则式的排列,树干的可感性低,无枯倒树木是人们喜爱的林内景观类型。近景景观中水体和天空的存在对美景度的提高有很大影响,还有树种丰富也可以增加美景度。道路景观中曲线形、敞开型的林道,两侧林木高大,林下覆盖度高,林分可视性高均可提升喜好度。个体景观中通直的树干,树冠丰满,叶色翠绿,有天空为背景的个体最受人们喜爱。这个结果表明,多数居民偏爱经适当经营的自然型森林群落景观,因此今后在实现近自然化的城市森林群落类型的设计与经营中,需要充分的考虑这一点。(3)通过对城市森林公园游客的问卷调查分析表明:城市森林公园主要为当地居民服务;游客主要为中低收入人群,游憩费用低。调查的四个城市森林公园中,采石矶森林公园的使用频率最高。呼吸新鲜空气、随便逛逛/放松是调查的城市森林公园游客出游的主要目的。综合分析各个城市森林公园的游客游憩行为的基本特征,通过相关性检验,得出闲暇时间多、距离公园近、去公园的频率就高;另外,来公园次数多的游客,每次在公园中停留的时间也相对较长。(4)通过CRITIC客观赋权法对安徽省内城市森林公园的景观游憩功能综合评价得出采石矶森林公园的景观游憩功能指数最高,为0.34,其次是大蜀山森林公园0.30和神山森林公园0.29。采石矶森林公园的基础设施条件远远优于大蜀山和神山,除了优美的植物景观外,还具有丰富的人文景观,景点的游憩吸引度较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Presently more and more city residents wish to be in touch with nature and to have recreational time in forest,and urban forest,as the nearest nature element they could visit on a daily basis or on the weekend,that could provide various recreational services for them.That is why some cities in this country have been planning to build an Urban Forest Park in or around their city area in recent decades.The four typical urban forest parks,such as Dashushan Urban Forest Park in Hefei,Caishiji Urban Forest Park in Maanshan, Shenshan Urban Forest Park in Wuhu and Gongqing Urban Forest Park in Shanghai,were selected for analysis in the paper.Based on field sample investigation of forest stands and public opinion poll of its beauty,both community structure and its recreation functions was analyzed,as well as an comprehensive evaluation system from structure,beauty and recreational services were proposed based on a case study on these four selected parks.The author put forward suggestions on recreation forest design in an Urban Forest Park.The results were as follows:(1) Structure of communities in different Urban Forest Parks,such as species composition,DBH distribution pattern,tree height and health situation were described and community character value,such as species diversity,Abundance index,Evenness index, Dominance index and species importance value are account,which was used to make a more detail description of communities.The results show that:Dominance species of Dashushan Urban Forest Park are Pinus massoniana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Liquidamba formosana,Quercus acutissima,Tilia breviradiata,Koelreuteria paniculata,Robinia pseudoacacia,Ulmus parvifolia and Acer mono Maxim;That in Caishiji Urban Forest Park are Ligustrum lucidum,Pterocarya stenoptera,Robinia pseudoacacia,Celtis tetrandra;Dominance species in Shenshan Urban Forest Park are Cinnamonum camphora,Ligustrum lucidum,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pseudolarix amabilis,Taxodium ascendens Brongn,Robinia pseudoacacia, Metasequoia glyptostroboides.Abundance index for Dashushan is 0.002,Caishiji is 0.10, Shenshan is 0.20;Evenness index for Dashushan is 0.81,Caishiji is 0.73 and Shenshan is 0.80,and shows that although plant species is not very rich,more evenly distributed. Diversity index for Dashushan is 2.49,Caishiji is 2.47 and Shenshan is 2.37.The difference of Diversity index is not significant for three urban forest pars of Anhui province.Evenness index for Caishiji is the lowest,Dominance index is the highest. Because the species of Ligustrum lucidum is the most dominance in communities of Caishiji,however,there are no significant differences for the dominance index for other two.Abundance indexes in three parks are totally low,in particular,Dashushan is only 0.002.(2) These four landscapes in these studied urban forest parks were identified,which were road landscape,in-forest landscape,close shot landscape and individual landscape,in the paper the method of Scenic Beauty Estimation was used to draw public’s aesthetic trends.Then regression models are built to make analysis on the landscape elements that will have impacts on landscape beauty.These results will be useful for providing proposals on design of recreation forest.The results show that:for that in-forest landscape,local people prefer the type with straight tree trunk,formal arrangement,lower ornamental value of trunks,and without dead standing tree.For close spot landscape,they love the landscape with water and sky, which can improve scenic beauty,and abundant species can also enhance scenic beauty. For rode landscape,winding pathway and open road,tall trees in both roadsides,more understory plants,higher visibility,all of these can raise scenic beauty.For individual landscape,straight tree trunk,chubby crown of a tree,verdant leaves,sky as the background,are loved by people.It follows that people prefer proper managed natural forest landscape.(3)Through the analysis of tourist questionnaire survey of Urban Forest Park shows that:Urban Forest Park is primarily used by local residents;visitors are mainly low-income people and visitors’ recreation sum is cheap.In four Urban forest Parks,use frequency for Caishiji is the highest.Main recreation motivation of visitors in urban forest park are breath freshness air,free and easy ramble/relax.Based on a comprehensive analysis of tourist behavior in the studied urban forest parks,an interrelated analysis was made,which shows that more leisure time,nearer park, the higher frequency will be for people to visit the park;In addition,if people usually go to the park,they will stay longer than others.(4) The CRITIC method was used to evaluate comprehensively landscape recreation function of urban forest park in Anhui province,the results show that:landscape recreation function of Caishiji is the highest,0.34,followed by Dashushan Urban Forest Park is 0.30 and Shenshan Urban Forest Park is 0.29.Infrastructure conditions of Caishiji Forest Park far superior to the Dashushan and Shenshan,not only have beautiful plant landscape,but also have abundant human landscape,the attraction of scenic is higher.更多还原