【作者】 董丽丽；

【导师】 刘桂华；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文选择7种室内常见观赏植物,通过对供试的室内环境进行光、温、湿的动态研究,选取具有代表性的3种室内光环境,在不同环境条件下,于6月下旬利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定了植物的光合作用和蒸腾作用日变化,在此基础上对其固碳释氧能力、蒸腾释水能力、蒸腾吸热能力进行了研究。利用“室内水插枝法”测定7种供试植物自然挥发物的抑菌作用。其研究结果表明:1. 7种植物固碳释氧作用:在相当于全光照60%的光环境1中,7种植物日固碳量为3.50-4.69g·m^-2·d^-1,日释氧量2.55-3.41g·m^-2·d^-1。其中鸭脚木（Brassaiaactinophylla）日固碳释氧量最高(4.69 g·m^-2·d^-1),凤梨（Guzmania lingulata）日固碳释氧量最低(3.50g·m^-2·d^-1)。在相当于全光照20%的光环境2中,7种植物的日固碳量为2.75-3.46g·m^-2·d^-1,日释氧量2.00-2.52g·m^-2·d^-1,其中绿巨人（Spathiphyllumfloribundum）的日固碳释氧量最高(3.46 g·m^-2·d^-1),君子兰（Clivia miniata）日固碳量最低(2.75g·m^-2·d^-1)。在相当于全光照8%的光环境3中,植物均能够正常生长,7种植物的日固碳量为1.41-1.89g·m^-2·d^-1,日释氧量1.03-1.37g·m^-2·d^-1,其中龟背竹（Monstera deliciosa）的日固碳释氧量较高1.89 g·m^-2·d^-1,君子兰日固碳量最低(1.41g·m^-2·d^-1)。2. 7种供试植物增湿降温作用:在相当于全光照60%的光环境1中,7种植物日蒸腾释水量为219.02-762.05 g·m^-2·d^-1,日蒸腾吸热量534.41-1859.4KJ·m^-2·d^-1,其中合果芋（Syngonium podophyllum）日蒸腾释水量及吸热量最高(762.05 g·m^-2·d^-1、1859.40KJ·m^-2·d^-1),凤梨日释水量及吸热量最低(219.02 g·m^-2·d^-1,534.41 KJ·m^-2·d^-1)。相当于全光照20%的光环境2中,7种植物的日蒸腾释水量为154.87-626.62g·m^-2·d^-1,日蒸腾吸热量为377.88-1529.95KJ·m^-2·d^-1。其中绿巨人、广东万年青（Aglaonemamodestum）、合果芋的释水吸热量较高,凤梨最低。在相当于全光照8%的光环境3中,7种植物的日蒸腾释水量为69.34-183.38g·m^-2·d^-1,日蒸腾吸热量169.19-447.75KJ·m^-2·d^-1。其中合果芋的释水吸热量较高,凤梨最低。3. 7种植物挥发性物质抑菌作用:7种常见室内观赏植物的挥发性物质在4、7、10月3个月份对4种室内微生物抑制作用的测定结果表明:在7种植物挥发性物质抑菌作用的测定中,合果芋的抑菌效果不明显。绿巨人、大叶伞、凤梨、君子兰、广东万年青（Aglaonema modestum）、龟背竹对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、放线菌（Actinomycete）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）具有显著的抑制作用,抑菌效果均在16.67%以上,其中7月份,澳洲鸭脚木对金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的抑制最好,抑菌效果分别达到40.00%和56.29%,广东万年青对放线菌的抑制效果达42.50%;4月份君子兰、凤梨和绿巨人对木霉的抑制极显著,抑菌效果分别高达64.52%、56.84%和49.46%。同时,该6种植物在7月份对金黄色葡萄球菌、放线菌及黑曲霉的抑制效果明显高于4月和10月的抑制效果,但对木霉的抑制效果表现出4月和10月好于7月。本论文对7种室内观赏植物在不同环境中固碳释氧、蒸腾释水能力以及抑菌作用特点进行了研究,为室内植物设计提供了理论依据。在室内25℃-32℃、相对湿度40%-65%条件下,在3种光环境中合果芋、广东万年青、绿巨人是具有较强固碳释氧、增湿降温效益的功能植物,广东万年青、君子兰、澳洲鸭脚木、凤梨、绿巨人在抑菌方面具有较强的效益,建议合理使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 7 species of common ornamental plants were tested indoor.On the basis of the studyof dynamic light distribution,temperature and humidity of air indoor, 3 species of indoor light environments were selected.Under the different environments, the diurnal change of photosynthesis rate and transpiration were measured to evaluate the ability of carbon fixation and oxygen release,transpired water release,absorbed caloric of different plants by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system,the ability of volatile secretion bacteriostasis was studied by method of indoor dipping in water,and the results are as follows:1.The effect of 7 species indoor ornamentals on carbon fixation and oxygen release. In the first environment, which equals to 60% full-exposure ,the amount of oxygen release ranged 3.50-4.69g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of carbon fixation ranged 2.55-3.41g·m^-2·d^-1.Aong 7 species plants, Brassaia actinophylla marked the first,and Guzmania lingulata the least. In the second environment, which equals to 20% full-exposure,the amount of oxygen release ranged 2.75-3.46 g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of carbon fixation ranged 2.00-2.52g·m^-2·d^-1.Among 7 species plants, Spathiphyllum floribundum marked the first, and Clivia miniata the least.In the third environment, which equals to 8% full-exposure,all the plants can grow well, the amount of oxygen release ranged 1.41-1.89g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of carbon fixation ranged 1.03-1.37g·m^-2·d^-1.Aong 7 species plants, Monstera deliciosa marked the first、and Clivia miniata the least.2. The effect of 7 species indoor ornamentals on transpired water release and absorbed caloric: In the first environment, which equals to 60% full-exposure,the amount of transpired water release ranged 219.02-762.05g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of absorbed caloric ranged 534.41-1859.40KJ·m^-2·d^-1.Aong 7 species plants, Syngonium podophyllum marked the first,and Guzmania lingulata the least.In the second environment, which equals to 20% full-exposure,the amount of transpired water release ranged 154.87-626.62g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of absorbed caloric ranged 377.88-1529.95KJ·m^-2·d^-1.Aong 7 species plants, Spathiphyllum floribundum marked the first,and Guzmania lingulata the least.In the third environment, which equals to 8% full-exposure, the amount of transpired water release ranged 69.34-183.38g·m^-2·d^-1,and the amount of absorbed caloric ranged 169.19-447.75KJ·m^-2·d^-1.Aong 7 species plants, Syngonium podophyllum marked the first,and Guzmania lingulata the least.3. The effect of natural compounds from 7 indoor plants on 4 microorganism in April, July and October.The experiment shows clearly that effect of Syngonium podophyllum is not remarkable; While Spathiphyllum mauna,Brassaia actinophylla, Guzmania lingulata, Clivia miniata,Aglaonema modestum and Monstera deliciosa shows remarkable restriction to Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomycete , Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum by over 16.67%.The measurement in July shows that Brassaia actinophylla restricts Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger best of all-by 40% and 56.28% respectively. Aglaonema modestum restricts Actinomycete by 42.50%. The measurement in April shows that Clivia miniata, Guzmania lingulata, and Spathiphyllum mauna can restrict Actinomycete remarkably by 64.52%, 56.84% and 49.46% respectively. The experiments also show that 6 species of plants’ restriction to Staphylococcus aureus,Actinomycete and Aspergillus niger in July is better than that in April and in October; But their restriction to Trichoderma harzianum in April and October is better than that in July.The thesis studied the characteristic of Photosynthesis, transpiration, bacteriostatic action of volatile secretion among 7 species of plants in different environments indoor, These tests provide the theories for the interior plant designation. When the temperature is 25℃to 32℃and the humidity is 40% to 65%, in the effect of carbon fixation and oxygen release, transpired water release and absorbed caloric,Syngonium podophyllum,Aglaonema modestum , Spathiphyllum floribundum are better under 3 different indoor light environments. In the effect of bacteriostatic action of volatile secretion among 7 species of plants, Brassaia actinophylla,Aglaonema modestum, Clivia miniata, Guzmania lingulata, Spathiphyllum floribundum are better than the others,and they are thought to be applied reasonably.更多还原