【作者】 周琴；

【导师】 周桃华；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2006-2007年在安徽农业大学试验农场进行。以淮棕杂1号（棕色棉）、淮绿杂1号（绿色棉）和亲本材料zms-41（白色棉）为材料,研究了彩色棉与白色棉在生育生理生化特性方面的差异及其与产量的关系,以期为彩色棉高产栽培提供理论依据。研究得出如下结果:1.干物质积累及其分配供试3个品种的棉铃体积增大速度最快的时间都在花后第7-14天,单铃体积的增长接近直线变化,至35天体积达最大值。棕色棉的铃体积与白色棉较接近,而绿色棉的铃体积与白色棉相差较大,但2个彩色棉品种单粒种子重量的增长量较白色棉高。彩色棉生育期总干物质积累动态呈“S”型曲线变化,可以用Logistic方程进行模拟,且拟合程度较高,与白色棉干物质积累动态相一致。彩色棉干物质积累进入快增期在时间上较白色棉早,但持续天数短,且物质的积累多用于营养器官的建成。2.氮、磷、钾含量变化动态彩色棉的养分吸收动态呈“S”型曲线变化,可用Logistic方程进行很好的模拟。在花铃期,彩色棉对养分吸收积累的比值较白色棉低,且除K₂O以外,其余的比值均低于60%。2个彩色棉品种N、P₂O₅、K₂O的积累量均低于白色棉。N吸收始增期彩色棉较白色棉迟,其中棕色棉与白色棉在整个N吸收过程中特征值较为接近。P₂O₅吸收始增期棕色棉与白色棉接近。K₂O吸收始增期白色棉最早,棕色棉次之,绿色棉最迟。K₂O吸收快增期的时间彩色棉均较白色棉短。K₂O的最大积累速率时期和N、P₂O₅相比延迟3-7d。3.光合特性与白色棉相比,彩色棉叶片叶绿素（a+b）含量在全生育期内的变化规律较一致,但白色棉叶绿素（a+b）的含量最高,棕色棉次之,绿色棉最低,其中棕色棉与白色棉叶绿素（a+b）的含量较接近。与白色棉相比,彩色棉叶面积系数的增长主要在棉花生育中前期,盛花期以后,叶面积系数下降较快;叶比重在整个生育期相对较低,至生育后期,叶比重差又进一步加大。不同品种的光合速率日变化具有相同的趋势,其光合速率日变化有两个明显的峰值,而且第一个峰值明显大于第二个峰值。第一个峰值出现在10:00前后,此时棕色棉、绿色棉比白色棉低,分别低0.97μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1、1.38μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1,然后逐步下降,在下午14:00-16:00这个时段又有所回升,在16:00出现第二个峰值,此时棕色棉、绿色棉比白色棉高,分别高3.60μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1、2.06μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1。彩色棉的“午休”现象不明显,在中午下降的幅度较小,下午下降缓慢,恢复的时间短。相关分析表明,盛花期光合速率、叶比重、叶面积系数与皮棉产量均呈显著正相关,其中光合速率与叶面积系数、叶面积系数与叶比重也呈显著正相关。4.抗氧化酶活性棉花生长前期SOD活性均较低,初花期至盛花期SOD酶活性上升较快,棕色棉、绿色棉、白色棉分别增加60.9%、57.6%、50.0%,在盛花期达到峰值。不同生育时期的SOD活性研究表明,绿色棉明显低于白色棉,棕色棉与白色棉接近。蕾期、初花期、盛花期、吐絮期的CAT酶活性均以白色棉最高,绿色棉在前期和后期最低,棕色棉在花铃期最低。各品种POD活性变化趋势较一致,均随着生育进程逐渐增高,但在整个生育期内以白色棉最高,棕色棉次之,绿色棉最低。各品种POD活性在初花期之前无明显差别,之后均明显上升。初花期至盛花期棕色棉、绿色棉、白色棉POD活性分别提高59.5%、69.6%、68.3%;盛花期至吐絮期分别提高11.6%、10.0%、19.0%。5.产量性状本研究表明,与白色棉相比,彩色棉的单株成铃数少、衣分低、铃重轻,棕色棉和绿色棉分别较白色棉减产皮棉17.5%和29.3%,差异显著;棕色棉较绿色棉增产16.7%,差异显著。相关分析表明,在产量构成因素间,影响彩色棉产量最重要的因素是单铃重和单株成铃数,单铃重与皮棉产量呈极显著相关,单株成铃数与皮棉产量呈显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The field experiment proceeded in the testing farm of Anhui Agricultural University from 2006 to 2007. Three varieties of field-grown cotton, Huaizongza 1 （Brown cotton）, Huailuza 1 （Green cotton）, and the parental material of zms-41 （White cotton） were researched for the relations of the difference between Colored Cotton and White Cotton in reproductive physiology and biochemical characteristics and the relationship between production. The experiment provides relevant theory with a view to Colored Cotton of high yield cultivation. Research results are as follows:1. Accumulation and Distribution of Dry MatterThe increase of three varieties of cotton boll volume was the fastest time in 7 to 14 days after flowering, which the growth of the single-boll volume was almost a straight line, and achieved to maximum about 35 days. The volume of Brown cotton boll was close to White cotton’s, however the difference of cotton boll volume between Green cotton and White cotton was great. The growth of two varieties of the single-colored cotton seeds weight was higher than white cotton’s.Growing period of dry matter accumulation dynamic curves of Colored Cotton show "S" type distribution, and Logistic equation can be used to simulate, which can be used to good simulation. The time of first inflexion of dry matter accumulation of Colored Cotton was earlier than white cotton’s, but the crucial period sustained only a few short days, which the accumulation of material was more using of the build of nutrition for the organ.2. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content DynamicsNutrient absorption of Colored Cotton dynamic show "S" type distribution, and Logistic equation can be used to good simulation. The accumulation of nutrient absorption ratio of Colored cotton was lower than the ratio of white cotton, and all the ratio was less than 60 percent, except of the ratio of K₂O,during the flowering stage. The accumulation of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O Two varieties of colored cotton were less than the accumulation of white cotton.Two varieties of colored cotton which were getting into the time of first inflexion of N absorption was later, which characteristic values of N absorption between brown cotton and white cotton was closer in the process of absorbing. P₂O₅ absorption of the time of first inflexion are similar with brown cotton and white cotton. K₂O absorption of the time of first inflexion of white cotton was the earliest, followed by the absorption of brown cotton, and the absorption of green cotton was the latest. K₂O absorption of two varieties of colored cotton is shorter than the absorption of white cotton. The time of the max of the accumulation rate of K₂O absorption delayed 3-7 d compared to N, P₂O₅ absorption.3. Photosynthetic CharacteristicsThe dynamic changes of the content of Colored Cotton leaf chlorophyll （a + b） in trend was consistent with white cotton in the whole growth period. In the reproductive period of five selected test phase, white cotton chlorophyll （a + b） were in the highest, followed by brown cotton and green cotton minimum, and the content of brown cotton leaf chlorophyll （a + b） was very close to white cotton . Compared to white cotton, growth of Colored Cotton leaf area index was mainly in the early stage, however Brown cotton and Green cotton leaf area index fell faster after the full bloom stage, and Colored Cotton specific leaf weight in the entire period of duration was relatively lower than White cotton, however, in the later period, different varieties of specific leaf weight difference further enlarged.Different species of photosynthetic rate changed on the performance of the same trend, and three cotton varieties in a single day had two obvious peaks, which the first peak was significantly higher than the second peak. Photosynthetic rate of the first peak was around 10:00, which Photosynthetic rate of brown cotton and green cotton was lower than white cotton, respectively low 0.97μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1,μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1, and then photosynthetic rate gradually declined. Photosynthetic rate increased again at 14:00-16:00 on the afternoon, and it had the second peak at 16:00, which photosynthetic rate of brown cotton and green cotton was higher than white cotton, respectively high 3.60μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1, 2.06μmolCO₂·m^-2s^-1. Colored Cotton of the full bloom stage photosynthetic rate drop the scope in small at noon, in the afternoon declined slowly, the recovery time was short. Correlation analysis showed that photosynthetic rate, the proportion of leaves, leaf area index and lint production showed significant positive correlation, including photosynthesis and leaf area index, leaf area index and the proportion of leaves also was positively correlated in the full bloom stage.4. Antioxidant activities of antioxidant enzymesSOD activity was lower in the early growth of cotton, and from the early flowering stage to full flower stage rose faster, and brown cotton, green cotton and white cotton increased by 60.9%, 57.6%, 50.0% respectively, reached its peak in full flower period. Green cotton SOD activity in various stages compares white cotton activity obviously low, but the activity of brown cotton and white cotton are close. CAT activity of white cotton are the highest among brown cotton, green cotton, and white cotton, which green cotton lowest, in the bud stage, and boll opening stage. However, CAT activity of white cotton are the highest among three varieties of cotton , which brown cotton is the lowest, In the early flowering stage, and full flowering stage. POD activity in all varieties was a consistent trend, and gradually increased with the reproductive process, but POD activity of white cotton reached to a maximum, followed by cotton brown and green cotton minimum in the entire reproductive period. POD activity among three varieties of cotton is no significant difference, after rising significantly before the early flowering, and POD activity increased rapidly after the early flowering. POD activity of brown cotton green cotton, and white cotton increased by 59.5%, 69.6%, and 68.3% respectively, from early flowering stage to full flower stage; and increased by 11.6%, 10.0%, and 19.0% respectively, from full flower stage to boll opening stage.5. Yield CharactersThis study shows that the number of boll per plant of colored cotton was small; lint percentage was low, and boll weight per plant was light, compared with white cotton. Yield of lint of brown and green cotton were lower than white cotton’s, 17.5% and 29.3% respectively, which the difference was significant, however yield of lint of brown cotton was higher than 16.7 % of green cotton’s, that the difference was significant. Correlation analysis showed that the impact of cotton production was the most important factor in boll weight and the number of boll per plant in the constitution factor of yield. The difference of boll weight and yield of lint were significant at the level of 1%, and the difference of the number of boll per plant and yield of lint significant at the level of 5%.更多还原