【作者】 杨丽君；

【导师】 黄崇珍；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 礼貌是日常生活中的一种道德准则,同时它也是人际交往中用来协调关系、增进彼此感情的一种常用的表达方式。从二十世纪七十年代起,礼貌现象开始受到语言学家、心理学家、人类学家和社会学家越来越多的关注。礼貌语言,作为表达礼貌的一种最有效最常用的方式,更应深入进行研究。在以前的诸研究中,由于礼貌语言的间接性与得体性尤其是得体性的研究甚少,因此本文欲从语用学角度对礼貌语言的这两个方面进行研究。本文从言语行为和间接言语行为出发,从若干方面对礼貌语言的间接性和得体性进行了分析、探讨。根据Leech的礼貌原则和Brown& Levinson的面子威胁理论,分析了间接表达委婉的命令与请求,委婉的拒绝和委婉的批评等语用功能。并依次阐明交际中权势、社会距离、权力和义务等因素对礼貌的间接应用的影响。一种语言在一定场合下是礼貌的,而如果换成其它场合或许会太礼貌或不礼貌。语境是影响礼貌得体性的最重要的因素之一,所有关系礼貌得体性的讨论都应建立在语境基础之上。此外,本文引用张国(2005)的关于礼貌语言得体性的判断标准,从语言内和语言外两大层次进行讨论。语言内层次又可再分为语言内容与语言形式。语言外层次主要从文化因素与社会因素角度进行分析。表明所有因素并不是孤立的,而是综合起来起作用,如果某个因素变了,其它要素也需作相应调整。总之,本文从间接性和得体性两个方面分析、讨论了英语中的礼貌语。通过研究,一方面希望能为礼貌语的研究者提供一点有益的帮助,另一方面为人们更好的使用礼貌语言表达自己的思想,以避免交际失误提供一些借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Politeness is a kind of moral norm for people to behave in their daily life. It represents peoples’ efforts in maintaining harmonious relationship between each other. From 1970s, politeness has been drawn much attention by linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists who have tried to explain polite phenomenon from various aspects. Politeness in language, as the most effective and frequent way to expressing politeness, is necessary to be studied deeply. In other people’s previous studies, politeness in language’s two important aspects (indirectness and appropriateness), especially appropriateness have not been paid enough attention. This thesis intends to study these two aspects from the perspective of pragmatics.Beginning with the Speech Act Theory (SAT) and Indirect Speech Act Theory (ISA), we discuss indirectness and appropriateness from several aspects. On the basis of Brown& Levinson’s Face-Threating Acts Theory (FTA) and Leech’s Politeness Principle (PP), there are several pragmatic functions of indirect expressions in politeness strategy, such as euphemistic request and command, euphemistic refusal and euphemistic criticism etc.. Indirectness application in politeness is influenced by many factors, such as power, social distance, the size of imposition, right and obligation and cultural difference, these factors will be analyzed in order.The most polite form on one occasion may turn out to be too polite or not polite enough when the occasion changes. Context is one of the most important factors to affect the appropriate adaptation of politeness. Therefore all discussions about appropriateness of politeness should be based on context. In addition, we cite the criterion of appropriateness in polite expression which is proposed by Zhang Guo (2005). It is dicussed from two levels: inner linguistic level and outer linguistic level. The part of inner linguistic level can be divided into linguistic content and linguistic form. And outer linguistic level is analyzed from cultural factors and social factors. The result shows that all the factors in the criterion system are not isolated. If one element changes, others should be adjusted. To sum up, the present thesis has discussed two aspects of politeness in language. Some ideas and argumentations are far from mature. The author hopes this thesis may exert a little strength and function to draw more valuable opinions from all sides in this field. And it may also provide with some helpful references to build up harmonious relationship in communication.更多还原