【作者】 李强；

【导师】 王鸿博；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 纺织工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 PVA浆料有很多优点。但是PVA类浆料在退浆时存在两个问题,一是退浆不彻底,将会严重地影响后道染色和印花;二是PVA类浆料在退浆时排放的废水对环境造成严重污染,而且不易被生物降解,约需900天才能被完全降解。因此环境污染是其致命的弱点,在许多国家已禁止PVA作为浆料使用,我国也逐步减少PVA的使用量。随着人们环保意识的不断提高,传统退浆方法主要以酸或碱为介质,成本高、污染严重已经不能满足现代人们的要求,探求一种新的退浆方法,来减少污染和退浆费用,而退浆效果又能满足后道加工工序的要求,已经受到很多人的关注。本文采用现代绿色环保技术—等离子体技术,以氧气为反应气体对PVA上浆棉织物进行等离子体预处理,再进行退浆工艺研究;探讨等离子体工艺参数对退浆效果及织物物理机械性能的影响。考虑到浆料在纱线和织物表面是以浆膜形式存在,因此,本文先以浆膜为研究对象,然后再对PVA上浆棉织物进行研究。本文首先通过氧气等离子体处理PVA浆膜,研究等离子体处理后PVA浆膜的失重率,水溶速率等性能的变化,并用原子力显微镜（AFM）和红外光谱测试并分析了等离子体处理前后PVA浆膜表面形态和化学结构的变化。实验结果表明:经氧等离子体处理,由于物理和化学双重改性的结果,浆膜表面产生刻蚀,表面明显粗糙化,PVA浆膜的失重率接近1.6%,改善了水溶速率,水溶速率提高了40%;同时部分-OH被氧化成-C=O、-COOH,甚至氧化成CO₂、H₂O小分子;而且PVA浆膜的耐磨性、吸湿性、断裂强力和断裂伸长率基本不变。在对浆膜研究的基础上,本文再用等离子体对PVA上浆的棉坯布进行预处理,然后分别用热水和碱进行退浆,将退浆效果与传统碱退浆进行比较,重点研究等离子体处理条件对坯布退浆率、失重率、润湿性、断裂强力和断裂伸长率等性能的影响。实验结果表明:在确定等离子体的处理工艺参数时,应将失重率和退浆率综合考虑,过大的失重率将影响退浆率及其它性能。经等离子体处理后再用水退浆,当处理条件适当时,退浆率达到11.5-12.0%,但未退净浆料。而采用等离子体预处理后,在碱浓度较低和处理时间较短的情况下,可达到退净浆料的目的。失重率随着等离子处理时间、压强、功率的增加而增大,润湿性明显得到改善,断裂强力和断裂伸长率略有提高。即等离子辅助退浆既能满足退浆的要求,又能降低成本、减少污染,而且对织物性能还有一定的改善作用。所以等离子技术辅助退浆有着广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are a lot of advantages in the PVA size. But there are two problems in the PVA desizing. First, desizing is not complete, which will influence dyeing and stamp seriously. Secondly, the waste water of the PVA desizing will bring serious pollution to environment. And the PVA size is not easily degraded, needing about 900 days to be degraded completely. So, environment pollution is the deadly weakness of the PVA size. It has been forbidden to use in many nations, and our country is reducing the PVA size dosage gradually.With the improving of environmental protectional consciousness in recent years, the traditional desizing reaction happens in acid or alkali mainly. The cost more high and the pollution more severity exist in the process. It has already not satisfied modern peoples needs. Searching a new desizing method with lower pollution and expenses with desizing effect satisfying need for later work, it has already caused the attention of many people. A modern and green environment protection technique-plasma is used in the text, and it uses oxygen as the reaction gas to preprocess PVA desizing cotton fabric. We study desizing process. Plasma treatment parameter will influence desizing effect and the physical, mechanical function of the fabric. PVA size exists on the yarn and the fabric surface with film form, PVA film as researching object is researched in the text, then to PVA desizing cotton fabric carry on research.The performance changes of weight loss rate, water-solubility treated by oxygen low temperature plasma are studied in the text. We also analyzed the surface chemical structure and surface morphology changes of the PVA film with AFM and Infrared spectra. The experimental results show that the PVA film generates surface etching and roughening after being treated by oxygen plasma. Furthermore, we found that Plasma treatment can increase the water-solubility rate to 40 percent, weight loss rate close to 1.6 percent and parts of hydroxyl group become carbonyl group and carboxyl, even water and carbon dioxide. However, chafing resistance, wettability, the breaking strength and elongation of PVA film are not changed.Based on researching for PVA film, plasma pretreatment PVA sizing cotton fabric, and it uses hot water and alkali to desize. Desizing effect will be compared with the traditional desizing. We will study plasma treatment conditions effect for desizing rate, weight loss rate, wettability, breaking strength and elongation of fabric. The experimental results show that, when it determines plasma treatment parameter. Weight loss rate and desizing rate will be considered comprehensively, and weight loss rate too high will affect desizing rate and others properties. Through plasma treating and water desizing, desizing rate will be 11.5-12.0% and be desized incompletely, when treating conditions are suitable. It can not satisfy the requirement of desizing. After plasma pretreatment, under the lower alkali concentration and shorter treating time circumstances. PVA sizing has been desized completely. The weight loss will be increased with the increasing of plasma treating time, pressure, power. Wettability, the breaking strength and elongation are slightly higher. That plasma-assisted desizing is able to meet the requirements of desizing, as well as reduce the costs and pollution, and there is still a certain fabric performance improvement. So, plasma-assisted desizing will be had broader application.更多还原